Give liberty chapter 26 vocabs

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Oversaw programs to combat water and air pollution, cleaned up hazardous wastes, and required "environmental impact" statements from any project that received federal funding.

Family Assistance Plan - "negative income tax"

A ''negative income tax'' that would replace Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) by having the federal government guarantee a minimum income for all Americans.

gave all families a sense of economic security

affirmative action

policy efforts to promote greater employment opportunities for minorities

Warren Burger

Federal court-of-appeals judge that succedded Chief Justice Earl Warren in 1969.

busing

Transporting students via buses to achieve school integration in the 1970s.

reverse discrimination

Claims that, in violation of the Fourteenth Amendments equal protection clause, minorities were granted special advantages over whites. Does not exist.

University of California v. Bakke

Case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against the California university systems use of racial quotas in admissions but allowed the use of race as one factor in admissions decisions.

hand in hand with reverse discrimination, brought up the question of which race deserves more in the schooling system

Title IX

No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance

détente

Translated this mean cooperation. It is an alternative to containment. Hoped it would lead to less instability. Not conducive to 3rd World goals.

Henry Kissinger

National Security Advisor and Secretary of State during the Nixon Administration, he was responsible for negotiating an end to the Yom Kippur War as well as the Treaty of Paris that led to a ceasefire in Vietnam in 1973

The main negotiator of the peace treaty with the North Vietnamese; secretary of state during Nixon's presidency (1970s).

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

Agreements which froze each countrys arsenal of intercontinental missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads.

brought about a sense of ease between the countries and international threats decreased

Invasion of Cambodia

1970, Nixon ordered troops into Cambodia to disrupt the Ho Chi Minh Trail and other supply lines used by North Vietnam, even though Cambodia was neutral. In 1970, he ordered air and ground strikes in Cambodia. This is the most controversial act of his to end the Vietnam War.

My Lai Massacre

An incident in which a company of American troops killed some 350 South Vietnamese civilians.

shows warfare against Vietnam as a continuing american issue

Pentagon Papers

Classified report by Defense Dept. Traced Amer. involvement in Vietnam to WWII & showed how presidents had misled the people about it.

War Powers Act

Law passed in 1973, reflecting growing opposition to American involvement in Vietnam War; required congressional approval before president sent troops abroad.

brought up controversy because some saw that this was a breach of executive power issued by the constitution, others see it as an additional mechanism to keep out a dictatorial approach

Watergate

Nixon administration scandal, where his knowledge of the break-in at the Watergate hotel and subsequent cover-up was revealed. Nixon resigned as president following the incident. , 1972; Nixon feared loss so he approved the Commission to Re-Elect the President to spy on and espionage the Democrats. A security gaurd foiled an attempt to bug the Democratic National Committee Headquarters, exposing the scandal. Seemingly contained, after the election Nixon was impeached and stepped down.

Nixon reelection committee break in to set up bugs to spy on Democratic party convention.

Nixon's Resignation

In August 1974, the House Judiciary Committee voted to recommend that Nixon be impeached for conspiracy to obstruct justice.

Abuse of political power.

Liberals celebrated downfall of Nixon.

August 1974.

Oil Embargo

Pg. 821

Gerald Ford

President of the United States who was appointed vice president when Spiro Agnew resigned in the fall of 1973. He succeeded to the presidency upon Nixon's resignation in August 1974 and focused his brief administration on containing inflation and reviving public faith in the presidency. He was defeated narrowly by Jimmy Carter in 1976

Jimmy Carter

President of the United States who was a peanut farmer and former governor of Georgia, he defeated Gerald Ford in 1976. As President, he arranged the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel in 1978 but saw his foreign policy legacy tarnished by the Iranian Revolution and hostage crisis in 1979. Domestically, he tried to rally the American spirit in the face of economic decline, but was unable to stop the rapid increase in inflation. After leaving the presidency, he achieved widespread respect as an elder statesman and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002.

Stagflation

A combination of stagnant economic growth and high inflation present during the 1970s.

Deindustrialization

The decline of manufacturing in old industrial areas in the late 20th century. Companies shifted to low-wage centers in the south and west or in other countries.

Sunbelt

Label for an arc that stretched from the Carolinas to California. During the postwar era, much of the urban population growth occurred in this areas.

Helsinki Accords

Ford's major accomplishment. Recognized permanence of Europe's post WWII boundaries. Superpowers to respect liberties of their citizens. Inspired movements for greater freedom w/in communist countries in E. Europe.

Deregulation

Reagan-Clinton era legislation that removed regulations in many industries, including finance and air travel.

Three Mile Island

Nuclear power plant near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, site of 1979 accident that released radioactive steam into the air public reaction ended the nuclear power industry's expansion.

Camp David Accords

A peace agreement between Egypt and Israel facilitated by Jimmy Carter. Special coalition between international countries.

Iran Hostage Crisis

When Carter in November 1979 allowed the deposed shah of Iran to seek medical treatment in the United States, Khomeinis followers invaded the American embassy in Tehran and seized fifty-three hostages. They did not regain their freedom until January 1981, on the day Carters term as president ended. Events in Iran made Carter seem helpless and inept and led to a rapid fall in his popularity.

first of all this starts our long standing hostility and over all fear of Iran, also the helplessness of the situation rang throughout Washington

Emergence of "Human Rights" Politics

Reagan abandoned Carter's Human Rights approach and said the US should oppose "totalitarian" communists but assist "authoritarian" noncommunist regimes.

Neoconservatives

Former liberals who advocated a strong stand against communism abroad and free market capitalism at home, stressing the positive values of American society in contrast to liberals who emphasized social ills.

"Well-intentioned government social programs did more harm than good."

Jerry Falwell

- Virginia Minister

- Founded the self-styled Moral Majority in 1979

- devoted to waging a "war against sin"

- electing "pro-life, pro-family, pro-America" candidates to office

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

declared full constitutional equality for women. Although it passed both houses of Congress in 1972, a concerted grassroots campaign by anti-feminists led by Phyllis Schlafly persuaded enough state legislatures to vote against ratification. The amendment failed to become part of the Constitution.

Ronald Reagan

This man made conservatism seem progressive. He was a pragmatist who knew when to compromise so as not to fragment his diverse coalition of supporters.

Reagan Revolution

The policies of the first Reagan administration; based on "supply side" theory of growing the economy.

Reaganomics

Popular name for President Ronald Reagan's philosophy of supply side economics, which combined tax cuts with an unregulated marketplace.

very popular among the people however led to a recession

"supply side economics"

A body of economic theory that argues for a focus on the expansion of the long run supply curve. Usually associated with arguments in favor of less government (taxes and spending) as a solution to macroeconomic difficulties

Vietnam War

The only war the US has ever lost. Was a military, political, and social disaster. Undermined Americans' confidence in govt.

Vietnamization

Secret plan to end war. Gradually withdraw while putting in S. Vietnamese. Continue to help w/ bombardments. FAILED!!!!!! Also destabilized Cambodia in process.

Vietnam Syndrome

Widespread public reluctance to commit American forces overseas.

Iran-Contra Affair

1984 Congress banned military aid to the Contras who were fighting Sandinista govt. of Nicaragua. Reagan authorized secret sale of arms to Iran-hostage release. Results-Could Reagan control his own administration?

Mikhail Gorbachev

Reformis Soviet leader bent on reforming Soviet Union's repressive political system & reinvigorating its economy. Had to reduce military spending to facilitate change.