Kidney Function and Related Medical Concepts

Renal pyramid

Which of the following kidney structures produces urine?

Cortex

Outermost is cortex.

Medulla

Innermost is medulla.

Glomerulus

Which of the following filters out blood?

Creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Clinical Application to measure kidney function.

PCT Proximal Convoluted Tubule

The first segment of the renal tubule is the reabsorbs water.

DCT Distal Convoluted Tubule

Does absorption of nutrients.

Nephrologist

Medical specialist that focuses on kidneys.

Urine

Is mostly water.

Polyurea

In medicine, what is excessive urination called?

Dysurea

Difficult urination is.

Gout

The medical condition in which uric acid is excessive.

Deposits in joints

Where is gout found?

Excess sodium in diet

Why does gout happen?

Osmolarity

Is the measure of solute particles in a solution of water.

Milliosmoles (mmOSm)

Units for Osmolarity?

80mg/dL

A normal blood glucose level during fasting during a urinalysis is how much?

Hyperglycemia

High blood sugar is known as?

Glycosuria

The presence of increased glucose in the urine which produces a sweet smell during urination is called?

Alkalosis

Abnormally high blood pH is called?

Furosemide

Which of the following is a diuretic medication?

ECF extracellular fluid

The fluid outside of cells is called?

Cations

Are examples of ions with positive charge.

Anions

Include CL, HCO3, PO4.

ADH Antidiuretic Hormone

Which of the following hormones prevents water from leaving the body?

Pituitary gland

Where is ADH secreted?

Lymphedema

Swelling caused by the blockage of lymph nodes is called?

Lymphadenopathy

What is a disease that affects the entire lymphatic system?

Hyperhydration

Excessive water in the body is called?

Lymphoma and Heart Failure

What are some conditions that lead to lymphadenopathy?

Hyponatremia

Abnormally low sodium concentration in the body is called?

Baroreceptors

In the body measure blood pressure.

Baro-

Is a prefix that means pressure.

Hypercalcemia

Excessive calcium concentration in the body is known as?

Normal pH value of blood

Is 7.35 - 7.45.

Hydroxide (OH-)

Basic solutions have more of this compound.

Hydrogen

Acidic solutions have more of this compound.

Buffers

Substances that resist changes in pH are known as?

Hypercapnia

Is too much CO2 in the blood.