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animal style
a medieval art form in which animals are depicted in a stylized and often complicated pattern, usually seen fighting with one another
Chasing
to ornament metal by indenting into a surface with a hammer
Cloisonné
enamel work in which colored areas are separated by thin bands of metal, usually gold or bronze
Codex
a manuscript book
Colophon
1) a commentary on the end panel of a Chinese scroll, 2) an inscription at the end of a manuscript containing relevant information on its publication
Fibula (plural: fibulae)
a clasp used to fasten garments
horror vacui
(Latin, "fear of empty spaces") a type of artwork in which the entire surface is filled with objects, people, designs, and ornaments in a crowded and sometimes congested way.
Parchment
a writing surface made from animal skins; particularly fine parchment made of calf skin is called vellum
Scriptorium (plural: scriptoria)
a place in a monastery where monks wrote manuscripts
zoomorphic
having elements of animal shapes
Spolia
the reuse of architectural or sculptural pieces in buildings generally different from their original contexts.
Catacomb
an underground passageway used for burial
Loculi
Openings in the walls of catacombs to receive the dead.
Cubicula
Small underground rooms in catacombs serving as mortuary chapels
Ornant Figure
a figure with its hands raised in prayer
Lunette
A crescent-shaped space, sometimes over a doorway, that contains sculpture or painting.
Pastoral
1. Related to keeping or grazing of sheep or cattle
2. (in the Christian Church) concerning or appropriate to the giving of spiritual guidance:"He was tasked with pastoral care for the congregation."
Basilica
An axial planned church, with a long nave, side aisles, and an apse for the altar
Atrium
a courtyard in a Roman house or before a Christian church
Narthex
The closest part of the atrium to the basilica, it serves as vestibule, or lobby, of a church.
Nave
the main aisle of a church
Transept
an aisle in a church perpendicular to the nave, where the clergy originally stood
Apse
the endpoint of a church where the altar is located
Coffer
a sunken panel in a ceiling
Ambulatory
a place for walking, especially an aisle
Gospels
Four books in the New Testament that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings. Mathew, Mark, Luke, and John.
Pendentive
A construction shaped like a triangle that transitions the space between flat walls and the base of the round dome.
Squinch
The polygonal base of a dome that makes a transition from the round dome to a flat wall.
Central plan (church)
A church having a circular plan with the altar in the middle.
Martyrium
a shrine built over a place of martyrdom or a grave of a martyred Christian saint
Mosaic
a decoration using pieces of stone, marble, or colored glass, called tesserae, that are cemented to a wall or a floor
Paten
a plate, dish, or bowl used to hold the Eucharist at a Christian ceremony
Eucharist
The bread sanctified by the priest at the Christian ceremony commemorating the last supper.
Scriptoria
A room set apart for writing, especially in a monastery where manuscripts were copied
illuminated manuscript
A manuscript that is hand decorated with painted initials, marginal illustrations, and larger images that add a pictorial element to the written text.
Codex
A manuscript book, made of antelope or calf hide, called vellum, or sheep or goat hide, called parchment (both more durable than papyrus and therefore a vast improvement on the scroll.)
Genesis
The first book of the Bible. It begins with the story of creation and ends with the death of Joseph in Egypt.
Icon
A devotional panel depicting a sacred image.
Theotokos
The Virgin Mary in her role as the Mother of God.
Encaustic
painting technique in which pigments are mixed with hot liquid wax
Iconoclasm
The destruction of religious images in the Byzantine Empire in the 8th and 9th centuries.
Axial Plan
When seen in a church, the building has a long nave whose focus is the apse; so called because it is designed along an axis.
Clerestory
In Late Antique architecture- the third, or window, story of a church