ROBOTICS

Cyrelle Cynd G. Cruz, REE

Full name of professor

Programmable Logic Controller

Meaning of PLC

PNEUMATICS

Engineering field using compressed

air or gas to generate motion.

1. Input Pins

2. Input Pins Status

3. Output Pins Status

4. Output Pins Status

CONVERTS STORED AIR PRESSURE INTO KINETIC ENERGY

FUNCTION OF PNEUMATICS IS TO ______ TO DRIVE ACTUATORS AND VALVES

• SIMPLE AND COST EFFECTIVE

• RELIABLE WIT LOW COST MAINTENANCE

• SUITABLE FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS: HAND TOOLS, ROBOTS, LIFTS, AUTOMATION

BENEFITS OF PNEUMATICS

• COMPRESSOR PRODUCES COMPRESSED AIR

• RECIEVER TANK STORES IT

2 COMPRESSED AIR SOURCE

• FILTER

• REGULATOR

• LUBRICANT

IT IS THE THREE SYSTEM UNITS TO CONTROL COMPRESSED AIR

VALVES

REGULATE AIRFLOW AND DIRECTION

ACTUATORS (AIR CYLINDERS/MOTORS)

CONVERT AIR PRESSURE INTO MOTION

FLEXIBLE TUBING

CONNECTS SYSTEM COMPONENTS

PENUMATIC CYLINDER

Transforms compressed air into controlled motion.
Acts as the “muscle” of pneumatic

systems and provides consistent,

repeatable motion for automation.

• MOVE ITEMS TO PROCESS

• CUTTING WITH PRECISIONS

• CLAMPING AND PRESSING COMPONENTS

• OPERATES CONVEYORS

INDUSTRIAL ROLES OF PNEUMATICS

Cylinder Bore (Tube)

Encases internal moving parts and is fitted with

front (head) and rear (cap) covers with air ports.

PISTON

Separates the cylinder into chambers and

drives motion via pressurized air.

CUSHIONING

Absorbs impact at stroke ends and

reduces vibration and noise.

GUIDE RINGS

Reduces wear by preventing metal-to-metal contact.

TIE RODS

Secure front and rear caps and provide

structural stability against external shocks.

PISTON ROD

Transfers piston motion to external machinery

. It is designed for strength and precision.

SEALS AND GASKETS

Prevents leakage between chambers and

maintains air pressure efficiency.

SENSORS

Magnetic or Hall effect sensors track piston position.

Useful for automation and quality control.

Linear Pneumatic Cylinder

Creates straight-line movement and is commonly used in lifting, pushing, or pressing.

Rotary Pneumatic Cylinder

Converts air pressure into rotational motion and is used for rotating tools, doors, or components.

Rotolinear Pneumatic Cylinder

Combines linear and rotational motion, ideal for specialized automation tasks requiring both directions.

Rodless Pneumatic Cylinder

Operates without an external piston rod and uses magnetic or mechanical coupling. It is

ideal for long strokes in confined spaces where traditional rods cannot extend.

Extension

The piston rod moves

outward, pushing or

lifting.

Retraction

The piston rod moves

inward, pulling or

resetting.

Stroke

Refers to the maximum

distance the piston rod

can travel.

Logic Ladder Diagramming

LANGUAGE USED IN PLC

• MODULAR

• FIXED

TWO MAIN CATEGORY OF PLC