Mechanical Ventilation: Ventilation and Oxygenation Improvement Strategies

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to mechanical ventilation, ventilation strategies, physiological principles, monitoring techniques, and management of respiratory dysfunction.

Correct Severe Acute Respiratory Acidosis

Treat critically high levels of CO₂ in the blood leading to lower pH.

Allow Lung Healing

Facilitate recovery processes of the lung tissue.

Normal Tidal Volume

4−8 mL/kg of predicted body weight.

Respiratory Rate Range

Normal breathing rate of 12−20 breaths per minute.

Minute Ventilation Target

Goal of 4−8 liters of air/minute.

End-tidal CO₂

The concentration of CO₂ at the end of an exhaled breath, normal range is 35−45 mmHg.

Minute Ventilation Calculation

Minute Ventilation (VE) is calculated as VE=VT×RR.

Alveolar Ventilation Formula

Alveolar Ventilation (VA) is calculated as VA=(VT−VD)×RR.

Dead Space Ventilation Consideration

The dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT) ratio is normally 0.20−0.35.

Transcutaneous CO₂ Monitoring

Measuring CO₂ levels through the skin.

Chest Wall Movement

Assessment of chest expansion during breathing.

PaCO₂: Ventilation Adequacy Marker

Partial pressure of CO₂ indicating how well the lungs are working.

Anion Gap Calculation

Anion gap (AG) is calculated as Na+ − (Cl− + HCO₃⁻).

Winter's Formula

Expected PaCO₂ calculation: (1.5× HCO₃⁻)+8±2.

Mixed Gas Transition

The phase in capnography where dead space and alveolar gas mix.

Alveolar Plateau

Stable portion of the capnogram indicating effective alveolar ventilation.

Sustained Inflation in Recruitment Maneuvers

Utilizes high pressure to open collapsed alveoli.

Pressure-Volume Tool

Used to determine optimal PEEP by analyzing lung compliance.

Mechanical Stress Types

Includes force per area (stress) and change in length (strain).

P/F Ratio Classification

Classification of hypoxemia: normal >300, mild ARDS 200−300, moderate ARDS 100−200, severe ARDS <100.

Oxygenation Index

Calculated as OI=(MAP×FiO2 ×100)/PaO2.

Peak Pressure Components

Includes flow resistive pressure, elastic recoil pressure, and PEEP.

Obstructive Pattern in Flow-Volume Loop

Characterized by increased expiratory resistance and flow limitation.

Restrictive Pattern in Flow-Volume Loop

Characterized by reduced compliance and decreased volumes.

Troubleshooting Circuit Emergency

Immediate actions to take following ventilator circuit failure.