Disease Focus

Male & Female Reproductive Systems

Gynecology (GYN)

Gynecology (GYN)

Branch of medicine that studies diseases of the female reproductive system

Obstetrics (OB)

The branch of medicine that manages the health of women and the fetus during pregnancy and childbirth

Menorrhea

Menstruation (menses)

Dysmenorrhea

Term for menstrual pain and tension

Menorrhagia

Term for abnormally heavy (excessive) prolonged menstrual bleeding

Colpodynia

Pain in the vagina can be charted as

Oligomenorrhea

Term for scanty or infrequent menstrual flow

Menarche

A woman’s first meneses (beginning of menses)

Amenorrhea

Without discharge during menses

-gravida

Pregnant women

-eyesis

Pregnancy

-para

To bear offspring

-tocia

Childbirth, labor

Pseudocyesis

A false pregnancy ( sensations, symptoms, or signs of pregnancy when not pregnant )

Multigravida

A women who has been pregnant more than once

Primigravida

A women who is pregnant for the first time

Sterility

Unable to become pregnant

Nullipara

A women who has not given birth

Multipara

A women who has given birth many times

Para 2

A women who has given birth twice

Dystocia

Painful birth

Atocia

Without giving birth

Amniocentesis

Puncture of the amniotic sac

Ectopic (abnormal place/position) pregnancy

Pregnancy in which zygote becomes implanted outside the uterine cavity (anywhere outside the uterus)

Breech

Presentation of the fetal feet or buttock during delivery

Orifice

Entrance to a cavity or space

Atresia

Congenital a sense/closure of a normal body opening (orifice)

Cerclage

Suturing of the cervix to prevent premature dilation

Endometrium ( lining of the uterus )

Tissue changes characteristics as it responds to fluctuating hormones throughout a cycle

Endometriosis

Presence of endometrium outside the uterus; develops into growths or lesions that cause pain, increased menstrual flow, and infertility

Uterine Fibroids

Common, non-malignant growths in the uterus; often present during childbearing years

Pelvic inflammatory Disease (PID)

General inflammation of the female reproductive structures; caused by bacterial infections and untreated STI

Cervicitis

Inflammation of the cervix

Endocervicitis

Inflammation of the lining of the cervix

Ovariorrhexis

Rupture of an ovary

Salpingoplasty

Surgical repair of a fallopian tube

Pyosalpinx

Pus in the fallopian tubes

Salpingitis

Inflammation of thee fallopian tube

Colposcopy

Visual examination of the vagina and cervix

Laprscopy

Visual exam when endoscope inserted via abdominal wall incision

Hysteropexy

Surgical fixation of a prolapsed uterus

Pap test ( papanicolaou )

Exfoliative test to detect abnormal cervical cells and diagnose cancer

Subtotal hysterectomy

Hysterectomy in which only uterus is removed/excised

Total ( or complete ) hysterectomy

Hysterectomy in which cervix and uterus removed

Total plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

Hysterectomy in which all female reproductive organs removed

Breast Cancer

Carcinoma of the breast

Mammography

Radiographic process of recording the breast ( after age 40 )

Mammograms

Images ( record ) of the breast

Mastopexy

Surgical procedure to affix the breast in place (fixation)

Mastectomy

Removal of a breast

Lumpectomy

Removal of a tumor in a breast

Breast reconstruction

Tissue expansion; transverse recuts abdominal flap ( TRAM )

Urology

Branch of medicine concerned with the male reproductive system an urinary disorders

Androgen

Producing or forming maleness

Epididymitis

Inflammation of the epididymis

Leukorrhea

Whitish discharge

Gonorrhea

Discharge of “seed”

Epididymitis

Commonly associated with an STI

Genital Warts

A variety of HPV human papillomavirus strains

Genital Herpes

HVS-2 herpes simplex virus

Anorchism

Congenital condition of the absence of one or both testicles

Cryptorchidim

Condition in which one or both testes fails to descend into the scrotum prior to birth (hidden)

Orchiopexy

Used to treat cryptorchidism before age 2

Hydrocele

Swelling of herniation of the sac surround the testes (scrotum0

Spermatocele

Abnormal fluid filled sac (cyst) on the epididymis

Variocele

Swelling or distortion of a dilated vein (called the spermatic cord - contains the vas deferens)

Testicular mass

New tissue growth on one or both testes (malignant or benign)

Testicular cancer

Malignant mass on one or both testes

Testicular torsion

Spontaneous twisting of a testis within the scrotum

Bilateral Vasectomy

Removal of all or part of the vas deferens for the purpose of male sterility

Vasovasostomy

Vasectomy reversal - forming a mouth like opening in the sutured ends of the vas deferens that were cute

Vasostomy

Forming a mouth like opening in the vas deferens

Bilateral orchidectomy

Also called castration

Bilateral orchiectomy

Procedure to remove both testes due to malignant tumors or other conditions

Phimosis

Stenosis of the foreskin so it cannot be retracted

Phim

Muzzle

Treatment for phimosis

Circumcision

Hypospasias

A slit or fissure on the underside of the penis

Hyperspadias or epispasias

A slit of fissure on the dorsal side of the penis

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

BPH

Digital rectal exam (DRE)

Screening to evaluate prostate size and consistency

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

Through the urethra to excise prostate tissue

Prostatomegaly

Enlargement of the prostate due to aging

Prostatomegaly can cause

Stenosis of urethra; Nocturia; Frequency and Hesitancy

Brachytherapy of the prostate -

Or internal radiation therapy

Brachytherapy of the prostrate - Internal radiation therapy

Radiation oncology procedure that places radioactive “seeds” within or near tumor

Prostatolithotomy

Incision of the prostate due to stones

Balanitis

Inflammation of the glans penis

Balanoplasty

Surgical repair of the glans penis

Oligospermia

Condition of a deficient (scanty) sperm production

Vesiculectomy

Removal of all or part of a seminal vesicle

Perineorrhaphy

Suture of the perineum

Spermicide

Agent for killing sperm

Spermatorrhea

Discharge or flow of sperm

Epididymography

Process of recording an x-ray of the epididymis

Vesiculogram

Record or writing (x-ray) of the seminal vesicles

Teletheraphy

External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is also called (at a distance)

Cryotherapy

Using extreme cold to destroy tisssue