Units 1-2 Early Contact with the New World and Colonization of North America

city upon a hill

Massachusetts bay colony would be an example to rest of colonies in north america - covenant with God - john winthrop - model of christiany charity

encomienda

Spain granted land to a conquistador in america and used natives for forced labor on plantations (sugar) and mines (silver/gold)

headright system

land grant policy to incentivize settlement in Virginia - give a tract of land

indentured servitude

passage across atlantic but forced labor for 7 years and then set free - replaced by slavery - helped poor europeans migrate - 50% died from disease/labor

joint-stock company

companies such as the british east india company and virginia company helped incentivize and fund settlment in americas - less risk

mercantalism

more exports than imports - fixed quanitity of gold in the world - colonies must be completely loyal to mother colony - trade restrictions

middle passage

voyage across atlantic for slaves - deadly, poor conditions

praying towns

towns established by puritans to convert natives to christianity

pre-columbian era

natives migrated across siberian land bridge - diverse native cultures shaped by environments

proprietary colony

king gave a tract of land for a governor to manage - different from royal colonies that were ruled by king (maryland, penn)

revivalism

first great awakening - george whitefield - christian evangelism to combat enlightenment

royal colony

colony controlled by king (ie) georgia

salutary neglect

britain hands off policy with colonies - let them be independent if they benefited britain economically

slavery

slavery replaced indentured servitude as natives died and white poor english workers died - also escaped less - worked harder and harsher conditions

spanish mission systema

attempts to convert natives to christianity

tarriffs

protective tariffs implemented by england to protect and monopolize trade so that colonies only worked with them