Fun facts

chem facts i need to know

Boron

only 3 covalent bonds. boric acid i used to kill ants. borax which is used as a detergent

Nitrogen

many oxidation states (-3 to +5). it is found in explosives, fertilizers, as an oxide in laughing gas, viagra, smog, and perservatives. ammonia is made witht the haber process from H2, and N2, at low temps with at catalyst

Carbon

has three allotropes including C60, which forms insersting tubular and sperical structrues, graphite, which is sp² hybridized form of carbon that is an essential part of a cycle involving the green house gas, CO2, a diprotic acid, and limestone, CaCO3

Phosphorous

found in soaps, toothpase, fertilizers, and pesticides, its extracted from Ca3(PO4)2 rock. the backbone in nucleic acids, cause algae blooms and increasingly their use is discourraged

halides

have small radii, high ionization energy, high electronegativity, and form -1 anions. their oxides and hydrides are acidic

fluoride (f-)

in serts instead of OH- in tooth enamel to protect from decay

chlorine

manufactured as Cl2, a strong oxidizing agent, used in disinfection and sanitation. used to make PVC tubing

noble gases

iner with 2 or 8 electrons in filled shells. specialty uses include as cryogen (He), intert gases (Ar), and lights (Ne)

How is H2SO4 produced

claus and contact processes combine to produce H2SO4 through a series of oxidation and acid/base reactions

What is the Claus process

at two-step oxidation produces elemental sulfur from HeS, which is a contaminant in natural gas, methane

what is the Contact Process

a four-step oxidation process produces H2SO4 from elemental sulfur,S

whats the most manufactured chemical

sulfuric acid

how much and where is sulfuric acid used to solubilized phosphate

about half is used to solubilize phosphate in rocks by the wet method, in turn the solubilized phosphate is used in fertilized

where is sulfuric acid strong

its an strong acid, oxidizing agent and a strong dehydration agent

aluminum

lightest metal, commonly used in commercial applications. abtained from the engery intensive Bayer processor and hall processs, the oxide forms ruby, sapphire, and topaz gemstones

alkali metals

have large radii, low ionization energy, low electronegativity, and form +1 cations. their oxides and dydrides are basic. metal dislacement reaction with water: M + H2O → M^+n = OH- + H2, react vigorously in water

beryllium

forms covalent bonds becasue of its relatively samll size and ability to attract electron

calcium

is in building materials form concrete to teeth

Mg2+

in chlorophyll makes the molecule more rigid to permit electron transport for photosyhesis instead of energy loss through vibrations

alkaline

primary, household

zn-hg/zn-air

primary, hearing aids

Li-ion

secondary, electronics/automobiles

lead-acid

secondary, automobiles

NiCd

secondary, Household

NiMH

secondary, household