Studied by 4 peopleGrammar
________: the set of rules that are used to convey meaning through the use of the lexicon.
bell curve
The ________ uses the standard deviation to show how all scores are dispersed from the average score.
WISC V
The ________ is composed of 14 subtests, which comprise five indices, which then render an IQ score.
Dysgraphia
________: a learning disability that results in a struggle to write legibly.
Louis Terman
________, a Stanford professor, modified Binets work by standardizing the administration of the test and tested thousands of different- aged children to establish an average score for each age.
Fluid intelligence
________: the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems.
Overgeneralization
________: an extension of a language rule to an exception to the rule.
Convergent thinking
________: the ability to provide a correct or well- established answer or solution to a problem.
Schemata
________: a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently.
Functional fixedness
________: a type of mental set where you can not perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for.
Psychologists
________ have long investigated the question of whether language shapes thoughts and actions, or whether our thoughts and beliefs shape our language.
neurological mechanism
The ________ for sound processing does not work properly in someone with dyslexia.
Creativity
________: the ability to generate, create, or discover new ideas, solutions, and possibilities.
Algorithm
________: a problem- solving formula that provides you with step- by- step instructions used to achieve a desired outcome.
Visual Spatial
The five indices are Verbal Comprehension, ________, Fluid Reasoning, Working Memory, and Processing Speed.
Standard deviations
________: how data are dispersed in a population and give context to large data sets.
psychology
In ________, concepts can be divided into two categories, natural and artificial.
Linguistic determinism
________: the idea that language influences the way that we think.
Dyslexia
________: an inability to correctly process letters.
odors
Many species communicate with one another through their postures, movements, ________, or vocalizations.
images
Concepts: categories or groupings of linguistic information, ________, ideas, or memories.
Flynn effect
________: the observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the last.
Semantics
________: the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words.
Prototype
________: the best example or representation of a concept.
familiar objects
The childs early vocabulary is limited to ________ or events, often nouns.
Schema
________: a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts.
Language
________ has specific components: a lexicon and grammar.
Morphemes
________: the smallest units of language that convey some type of meaning.
Newborns
________ show preference for their mothers voice and appear to be able to discriminate between the language spoken by their mother and other languages.
Syntax
________: the way words are organized into sentences.
rules of grammar
We apply the ________ to organize the lexicon in creative ways that allow us to communicate information about both concrete and abstract concepts.
Lexicon
________: the words of a given language; a languages vocabulary.
Concepts
________ are informed by our semantic memory and are present in every aspect of our lives.
Standardization
________: the manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation of results is consistent.
Phonemes
________ are combined to form morphemes.
Wechsler
________ combined several subtests from other intelligence tests used between 1880 and World War I.
Representative bias
________: a faulty way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something.
Range of Reaction
________: the theory that each person responds to the environment in a unique way based on their genetic makeup.
Sapir
________ and Whorf proposed that language determines thought.
David Wechsler
________, a psychologist, developed a new IQ test in the United States.
Representative sample
________: a subset of the population that accurately represents the general population.
Role schema
________: makes assumptions about how individuals in certain roles will behave.
superior intelligence
People are considered gifted if they have an IQ score of 130 or higher, or ________ in a particular area.
Availability heuristic
________: a heuristic in which you make a decision based on an example, information, or recent experience that is that readily available to you, even though it may not be the best example to inform your decision**
Analytical intelligence
________: academic problem solving and computations; demonstrated by an ability to analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast.
Event schema
________ or cognitive script: a set of behaviors that can feel like a routine.
schema
When a(n) ________ is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
Semantics
________ and syntax are part of a languages grammar.
Creativity
________ is often assessed as a function of ones ability to engage in divergent thinking.
Bell curve
________: a graph in the general shape of a bell.
Cognition
thinking; encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory
Cognitive psychology
the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think; attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem solving, in addition to other cognitive processes
Concepts
categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories
Prototype
the best example or representation of a concept
Natural concepts
concepts created "naturally" through your experiences and can be developed from either direct or indirect experiences
Artificial concept
a concept that is defined by a specific set of characteristics
Schema
a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts
Schemata
a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently
Role schema
makes assumptions about how individuals in certain roles will behave
Event schema or cognitive script
a set of behaviors that can feel like a routine
Language
a communication system that involves using words and systematic rules to organize those words to transmit information from one individual to another
Language has specific components
a lexicon and grammar
Lexicon
the words of a given language; a languages vocabulary
Grammar
the set of rules that are used to convey meaning through the use of the lexicon
Phoneme
a basic sound unit of a given language
Morphemes
the smallest units of language that convey some type of meaning
Semantics
the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words
Syntax
the way words are organized into sentences
Babbling stage
the time where babies tend to produce single syllables that are repeated over and over
One word stage
a childs first word is uttered sometime between the ages of 1 year to 18 months, and for the next few months, the child will only produce one-word utterances
Overgeneralization
an extension of a language rule to an exception to the rule
Linguistic determinism
the idea that language influences the way that we think
Problem-solving strategy
a plan of action used to find a solution
Trial and error
try different solutions until youve solved your problem
Algorithm
a problem-solving formula that provides you with step-by-step instructions used to achieve a desired outcome
Heuristic
a general problem-solving framework; mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems
Mental set
where you persist in approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past but isnt working now
Functional fixedness
a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for
Anchoring bias
when you focus on one piece of information when making a decision or solving a problem
Confirmation bias
the tendency to focus on information that confirms your existing beliefs
Hindsight bias
to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasnt
Representative bias
a faulty way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something
Availability heuristic
a heuristic in which you make a decision based on an example, information, or recent experience that is that readily available to you, even though it may not be the best example to inform your decision**
Crystallized intelligence
characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it
Fluid intelligence
the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems
Practical intelligence
you find solutions that work in your everyday life by applying knowledge based on your experiences
Analytical intelligence
academic problem solving and computations; demonstrated by an ability to analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast
Creative intelligence
marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation
Multiple Intelligences Theory
each person possesses at least eight intelligences
Emotional intelligence
the ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others, show empathy, understand social relationships and cues, and regulate your own emotions and respond in culturally appropriate ways
Creativity
the ability to generate, create, or discover new ideas, solutions, and possibilities
Divergent thinking
thinking "outside the box;" it allows an individual to arrive at unique, multiple solutions to a given problem
Convergent thinking
the ability to provide a correct or well-established answer or solution to a problem
Standardization
the manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation of results is consistent
Norming
giving a test to a large population so data can be collected comparing groups, such as age groups
Flynn effect
the observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the last
Bell curve
a graph in the general shape of a bell
Representative sample
a subset of the population that accurately represents the general population
Standard deviations
how data are dispersed in a population and give context to large data sets
mild, moderate, severe, and profound
When these are combined with major deficits in adaptive functioning, a person is diagnosed with having an intellectual disability it has four subtypes
Note
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