B3~L20 Cerebrum and receptors

Cerebrum functions

Concerned with higher brain functions, outer gray matter (cerebral cortex) and inner white matter

Cerebrum control

Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body

cerebrum structures

2 cerebral hemispheres, separated by longitudinal fissure

Corpus callosum

axons that connect the Left and right hemispheres

gyrus or sulcus

g- raised area or elevation of the cortex

s-depression/ groove between gyrus

frontal lobe ends at

central sulcus

Motor speech area

on the left of frontal lobe, controls muscular movement needed for speech, if damaged physically unable to speak

Primary Motor cortex

Located in precentral gyrus in both frontal lobes, controls voluntary skeletal muscle, left primary motor cortex controls right sided muscles vice versa

Parietal lobe starts/ends at

ends anterioly at cebtral sulcus and lateral limites lateral sulcus 

Primary somatosensory cortex

located in postcentral gryus of each parietal lobe, receives sensory input from skin, muscle, joints

Wernicke area

Overlaps areas in both parietal and temporal lobes, helps understand, written and spoken language

Temporal lobe has…

Primary auditory cortex, wernicki area, and primary olfactory cortex

Primary auditory cortex

Receives and processes incoming sounds

Primary Olfactory cortex

processes smile info and provides conscious awareness of smells

Occipital lobe has

primary visual cortex

primary visual cortex

receives and processes incoming visual information

Insula location…

Deep to the lateral sulcus

Insula

involved with memory, primary gustatory cortex

primary gustatory cortex

involved in processing taste information

receptor

a structure that converts sensory stimulus to a nerve impulse

how to classify receptors

stimulus location, receptor distribution (body location), type of stimulating agent

Exterorecptors

near surface of the body detect stimuli from outside environment

Exteroreceptors types

special senses and cutaneous receptors

Interoreceptors 

In the walls of organs and primarily stretch receptors in smooth muscle of visca

Propiorecptors

provide inforamtion about the position of tensions of muscle, joints, and tendons