Citric Acid Cycle Steps

decarboxylation

the first step of pyruvate oxidation, releases a CO2

oxidation

the second step of pyruvate oxidation, releases 2 e-

transfer to a CoA

the final step of pyruvate oxidation, requires the addition of a CoA

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

this is a region of the mitochondrial matrix, where pyruvate oxidation takes place

acetyl CoA

while the CAC is a cycle, this is the first required product to initiate it

citrate synthase

this enzyme helps catalyze the transition from acetyl CoA to citrate

citrate

this product results from the reaction of acetyl CoA with citrate synthase

it uses sequential ordered kinetics

what is special about citrate synthase?

aconitase

this enzyme helps with the transition from citrate to isocitrate

H2O

this molecule is added and removed with aconitase

isocitrate

this is the product from the reaction of citrate with aconitase

isocitrate dehydrogenase

this enzyme catalyzes the transition from isocitrate to alpha-ketogluterate

alpha-ketogluterate

this forms from the reaction of isocitrate dehydrogenase and isocitrate

NADH, CO2

the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate forms what two products?

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

this catalyzes the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA

succinyl CoA

this is the product from the reaction of alpha-ketoglutarate and the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

succinyl CoA synthetase

this enzyme catalyzes the conversion from succinyl CoA to succinate

succinate

this product results from the reaction of succinyl CoA and succinyl CoA synthetase

ATP, CoA

the conversion of succinyl CoA to succinate forms what two things?

succinate dehydrogenase

this enzyme catalyzes the transition from succinate to fumarate

fumarate

this forms from the reaction of succinate and succinate dehydrogenase

FADH2

this forms with the conversion of succinate to fumarate

fumarase

this enzyme catalyzes the transition from fumarate to malate

malate

this results from the reaction of fumarate and fumarase

H2O

the reaction of fumarate to malate requires the addition of what?

malate dehydrogenase

this enzyme helps the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate

oxaloacetate

this forms from the reaction of malate with malate dehydrogenase

NADH

this forms in the formation of oxaloacetate from malate