CHEM EXAM 1: elements and concepts from chap 4

need to have their group, symbol, charge and atomic #

dalton's atomic theory rules - recite them

1. all matter made of atoms, this was disproved

2. atoms of a given element are identical

3. different atoms of different element are not identical

4. atoms cannot be divided, created, destroyed, this was later disporved by fusion/fission

5. atoms of different elemnts can combine into whole # ratios

6. atoms in chem reactions can be rearranged, combined, seperated

JJ Thompson

discovered electrons & plum/blueberry muffin model

what holds the nucleus together?

strong nuclear force

Rutherford

gold foil experiement & discovered the nucleus

disproved Dalton

Hydrogen

• H

• atomic number: 1

• 0 neutrons

• nonmetal

• group 1

• charge: 1+

Helium

• He

• atomic number: 2

• group 8 (no charge)

Lithium

• Li

• atomic number: 3

• group 1

• charge: 1+

Beryllium

• Be

• atomic number: 4

• group 2

• charge: 2+

Boron

• B

• atomic number: 5

• metalloid (on zigzag)

• group 3

• charge: 3+

Carbon

• C

• atomic number: 6

• nonmetal

• group 4

• charge: ±4

groups are based on

vertical columns & similar properties

metal

shiny, silver, excellent conductor of electricity & heat

can be drawn into wires (DUCTILE) & malleable (beaten)

Nonmetal

dull, poor conductor, brittle, majortiy of irght side of table, w/o Hydrogen

Metalloids

elements of properties between metals & nonmetals

sodium

• Na

• atomic number: 11

• group 1

• charge: 1+

potassium

• K

• atomic number: 19

• group 1

• charge: 1+

rubidium

• atomic number: 37

• group 1

• Rb

• charge: 1+

cesium

• Cs

• atomic number: 55

• group 1

• charge: 1+

Francium

• Fr

• atomic number: 87

• group 1

• charge: 1+

Magnesium

• Mg

• atomic number: 12

• group 2

• charge: 2+

Calcium

• Ca

• atomic number: 20

• group 2

• charge: 2+

Strontium

• Sr

• atomic number: 38

• group 2

• charge: 2+

Radium

• Ra

• atomic number: 88

• group 2

• charge: 2+

Fluorine

• F

• atomic number: 9

• group 7

• charge: 1-

Chlorine

• Cl

• atomic number: 17

• group 7

• charge: 1-

Bromine

• Br

• atomic number: 35

• group 7

• charge: 1-

Iodine

• I

• atomic number: 53

• group 7

• charge: 1-

Astatine

• At

• atomic number: 85

• group 7

• charge: 1-

atomic mass

(percent 1) (mass 1) + (percent 2) (mass 2)

Neon

• Ne

• atomic number: 10

• group 8

Argon

• Ar

• atomic number: 18

• group 8

Krypton

• Kr

• atomic number: 36

• group 8

Xenon

• Xe

• atomic number: 54

• group 8

Radon

• Rn

• atomic number: 86

• group 8

Oganesson

• Rg

• atomic number: 118

• group 8

Aluminum

• Al

• group 3

• charge: 3+

Nitrogen

• N

• group 5

• charge: 3-

Phosphorus

• P

• group 5

• charge: 3-

Oxygen

• O

• group 6

• charge: 2-

Sulfur

• S

• group 6

• charge: 2-

Selenium

• Se

• group 6

• charge: 2-