HIST 376 Exam 2

Internal Improvements Act of 1836

- A massive program in Indiana that invested 10 million dollars into building a system of canals roads and railroads.

- Pros: helped connect farmers to markets, increased land value dramatically, and encouraged migration to Indiana

- Cons: The project spent to much money causing Indiana to go into debt and causing an economic crisis in the 1840's

Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854

- Allowed popular sovereignty to decide weather the territories of Kansas and Nebraska would allow slavery (allowed people in these states to vote on slavery)

- This created strong tension in these states and violence caused more division about slavery in the nation as a whole.

Oliver Morton

- The governor of Indiana during the civil war

- He was strongly pro union and took extreme measure to support the union like taking over 1 million dollars in loans without approval from legislature to fund the war effort in Indiana.

- He suppressed dissidents mainly copperheads

- Overall he preserved Indiana's War effort.

Article XIII of the Indiana Constitution (1851)

- Banned black people from moving to Indiana

- showed that Indiana was still a racist state despite being a free state.

Ex Parte Milligan

- In 1866 an Indiana civilian Lambdin Milligan was tried in a military court

- This led to the passing of Ex Party Milligan which declared that civilians can not be tried by military tribunals when civilian courts are available

- Limited wartime powers of the government

Fugitive Slave Act (1850)

- A law that required free states to allow slavers to recapture escaped slaves in their state and even forced northern citizens to assist in the capture.

Popular Sovereignty

- People voted on slavery locally

- Made slavery debate more violent and prevalent

Market Revolution

- Caused Indiana to move to cash crops

- Caused cities like Indianapolis to grow rapidly

- Caused an increased dependency on the national market for selling crops

Logrolling

- The political practice of politicians trading votes on certain legislation

- Helped passed the internal improvements act

- led to inefficiencies and excessive government spending

Preemption rights

- A policy allowing settlers to claim land they had already settled and improved before it was officially offered for sale

- encouraged more settlement of Indiana and the frontier in general

Discounted Bank Notes

- Many different banks issued notes with varying value.

- caused trade to become confusing.

American Home Missionary Society

- A Protestant organization that sent ministers to frontier areas to establish churches and spread Christian values.

-Spread Protestant Christianity

- Promoted moral reform like temperance and encouraged education

American Disestablishment

- The idea that there should be no official state religion.

- Caused the gradual removal of the states support for specific churches

- Encouraged religious competition

Caleb Mills

- Former Indiana Superintendent of public instruction who pushed for free public education

Morrill Act

- Provided federal lands and funds for colleges specializing in engineering, agricultural, and mechanical arts

- This directly led to the founding of Purdue University

Morgan's Raid

-A Confederate cavalry raid into southern Indiana led by John Hunt Morgan.

- It was one of the only times that a battle was fought in Indiana

- It caused widespread panic and strengthened union support in Indiana

Copperheads

- A group of northern democrats who opposed the civil war and wanted peace with the confederacy

- Created political division in Indiana and challenged governor Morton's authority

Underground Railroad

- A secret network of safe houses used by slaves escaping to Canada or free states.

- Indiana was a key stop in the railroad and many hoosiers assisted in the creation of the railroad.

Soldiers Aid Societies

- Civilian organizations often led by women which provided care and supplies to Union troops.

Reconstruction Amendments

- the 13th 14th and 15th amendment which outlawed slavery, guaranteed citizenship, and guaranteed voting rights for all freed slaves

John Freeman

- A black free man who was illegally claimed as a "fugitive" slave

- it showed that freedom was not secure and that racial injustice was still very much an issue in the north

New Harmony

- A planned socialist community that was to be created by Robert Owens

- was supposed to be a perfect society based on shared property

Sultana Disaster

- A steamboat disaster on the Mississippi killing 1000 people most of whom were union soldiers returning home from war

- was and still is largely ignored due to it happening just a few days after Lincoln was assassinated

Township Trustee

- A local official responsible for poor relief and basic aid services

Circuit Riders

- Ministers that traveled to rural areas to preach the gospel

- Helped spread religion across the frontier

3% Fund

- A fund created from federal land sales (3% set aside for education and infrastructure)

- It was an early public funding source for public education

Irish Wars

- Conflicts between Catholic Irish immigrants and native born Protestants that caused religious tensions to rise in Indiana cities

Treaty of St Mary's 1818

- A treaty signed between the US and Native American tribes primarily the Delaware/Lenape

- Native Americans needed millions of acres in central Indiana and in return received money good and promises that were rarely fulfilled

- This was a key step in Native Displacement

Great Migration

- The movement of millions of African Americans from the rural south to the north and midwest.

People's Party

-The People's Party, also known as the Populist Party, was a political movement that emerged in the late 19th century (1890s), primarily representing farmers and rural Americans who felt exploited by industrial and financial elites.

- They complained about high shipping rates, high interest rates on loans and lack of stable currency

- It is one of the first major third party movements that centered around workers