communication, language, and speech

communication

the sending and receiving of information, ideas, feelings, or messages

spoken words, written words gestures, sounds, morse code, braille, drawing, eyes, voice (pitch, tone, volume), body language and posture, facial expressions, clothing, hairstyles, art, music, dance, proximity, scent

methods of communication

language

a dynamic system of abstract symbols and rule-governed structures, and the specific conventions of which are learned. symbols may be sounds to spoken words, letters to written words, ASL
-two components: reception and expression

form, content, use

the components of language

form

derived from the phonological and morpho-syntactic system of a language
-phonology, morphology, syntax- word order, word endings, speech

content

relates to a system of meaning. meaning can be derived on a single word level or in word combinations.
-Vocabulary learning relies on conceptual info and lexical info
-Semantics

semantics

word meanings, the ways in which word order meanings link together, sequencing

use

also referred to as pragmatics and social language

Pragmatics

includes the intention of the speaker. this is conveyed in many ways. the purpose or intention may be expressed in different manners suck as verbally, gesturally, visual gaze or ASL
-includes topic initiation, maintenance and termination
-includes non-verbal behaviors and social constructs related to that language system

phoneme

the smallest unit of language that contributes meaning

morpheme

the smallest unit of language that has meaning (free/bound)

syntax

the grammatical rules of language
-determines word order which can influence word choice
-these rules permit the various sentence forms (declarative vs interrogative or embedding or conjoining clauses)

Receptive language

the ability to understand and comprehend language
-following directions, identifying words, objects or pictures, understanding paragraphs and comprehending relationships between words and reading
-comprehension usually precedes expression

expressive language

the ability to speak or produce language (sign, writing etc)
relates to naming, producing grammatical forms and endings, as well as the expression of thoughts and ideas
-also referred to as verbal expression

speech

the oral expression of language

Charles F. Hockett

linguist who published the origin of speech where he offers 13 design features of human communication

Design feature 1

Vocal-auditory channel

Design feature 2

Broadcast transmission and directional reception

morphology

study of form of words

phonology

the study of the structure and function of sounds within a language