guh

philosophers

Rousseau, Locke, Voltaire, Locke, Becarria

Enlightened Monarchs

• Emperor Joseph II - Germany

• Frederick the Great - Prussia

• Catherine the Great - Russia

• Maria Theresa - Austria

• Leopold II - Africa

Constitutional Monarchs

Divine Right of Kings

authority from God and can’t be held accountable by any earthly authority

Absolute Monarchies

a single person holds absolute, autocratic power

The Enlightenment

James I (King James Bible)

king of Scotland - advocated absolute monarchy and made the king James bible

James II

last catholic monarch

Oliver Cromwell

lord protector

Charles I

tyranny and executed

Charles II

political stability

English Bill of Rights

William and Mary

30 Years' War

civil war holy empire

Treaty of Westphalia

ended 30 years war

Peter the Great 

Versailles 

Mannerism

Thomas Hobbes

social contract