History vocab

Industrialization

Transforming the economy from a reliance on agriculture to one of manufacturing

Urbanization

Process of making an area more populated and have access to resources, easy transportation, and jobs

Capital

The total amount of cash and other assets that a person or business has

Entrepreneurship 

Setting up for ownership of a business; taking risks in order to make a profit 

Trusts

Portion of a business that is managed by others

Monopoly

Become the single seller of a good/service in the market; drive out competition 

Mass production

Manufacture large quantities of a product

Muckraker

A person who exposes actual or alleged wrongdoings (manufacturing and politics)

Populism 

The average, everyday person was represented in government against the elite. Specifically refers to the farms 

Farmers Alliance 

Political and economic movement it improve economic condition for farmers (milk, crops, hay) 

Reconstruction 

The period of time after the Civil War where society was rebuilt. This was used to reunite tje southern states with the rest of the Union

Freedman’s Bureau

A federal agency established to assist freed slaves and impoverished southerners by providing food, housing, education, and medical care 

Andrew Johnson

The 17th president who was controversial beacuse of his opposition to civil rights for freed slaves. He was eventually impeached for the conflicts

Radical Republicans

A faction within the Republican Party during the reconstruction era that advocated for strong measures to ensure civil rights for freed slaves and the transformation of southern society  

Thirteenth amendment

An amendment to he U.S constitution ratified in 1868 that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. 

Fourteenth amendment

An amendment to the U.S constitution ratified in 1868 that granted U.S citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and provided equal protection under the law.

Fifteenth Amendment

An amendment to the U.S constitution ratified in 1870 that prohibited the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 

Impeach

The process by which the legislative body, such aw the house of reps, charges an official, including the president, with misconduct or wrongdoing, leading to a trial in the senate.

Black codes

Laws enacted in southern states after the civil war that restricted the rights and freedoms of African Americans, aiming to maintain white supremacy and control over the labor force.

Segregation

The enforced separation of different racial or ethnic groups in daily life, including schools, transportation, and public facilities, often leading to unequal treatment and discrimination.