mosbys procedures

Body part placement

1. body part should be placed on the image receptor in a position that allows for imaging of all anatomic features required for the procedure

2. Allows for tight collimation

Alignment

the long axis of the body should correspond to the long axis of the image receptor, except when the image receptor must be rotated to fit the entire part on the image receptor

Precise visualization

1. Positioning must be absolutely accurate

2. No rotation of image present

Patient identification

1. Identification marker on the image receptor should not obstruct view of relevant anatomy

2. Patient information should include the patients name and date of exam

Anatomic markers

Right or left markers must always appear on the image; use a radiopaque marker placed on the image receptor

1. Radiopaque markers must be placed just inside the collimation field and should not obstruct relevant anatomy

Other markers

1. Time: time indicators should always be used when images are taken at specifically timed intervals

2. Direction: if the image was taken with the patient in an erect position, the lead marker indicating erect or upright must appear on the image

3. Inspiration/ explanation: must be used for comparison studies of the chest

4. Internal/ external: mis be used when both forms of rotation constitute part f an exam

5. Numeric markers: must be used when taking a series of images in sequence (e.g. during trauma or surgical cases when follow up is required in a short time)

Routines

1. Minimum of two projections per exam, except for certain cases in which a single survey image suffices (e.g., KUB)

2. 2. A minimum of two projections, 90 degrees from one another, must always be taken

   a. Superimposition of structures may prevent visualization of some pathologic conditions

   b. Lesions or foreign bodies require precise localization

   c. Fractures must be seen from two points precisely 90 degrees from each other

   d. Minimum of three projections (AP or PA, lateral, and oblique) required for proper visualization of joints

Cervical region

1. C1: mastoid tip

2. C2, C3: gonion

3. C5: thyroid cartilage

4. C7: vertebra prominens

Thoracic region

1. T1: two inches above sternal notch

2. T2,T3: level of manubrial notch and superior margin of scapula

3. T4,T5: level of sternal angle

4. T7: level of inferior angle of scapula

5. T10: level of xiphoid tip

Lumbar region

1. L3: costal margin

2. L5: level of ambulicus

3. L4: level of superior most aspect of iliac crest

Sacrum and coccyx

1. S1: level of superior iliac spine

2. Coccyx: level of pubic symphysis and greater trochanters

Lines

1. Orbitomeatal line (OML)

   a. Line from outer canthus of the eye to the auricular point

   b. 7 degree angle with Infraorbitomeatal line (IOML)

   c. 8 degree angle with the glabellomeatal line

   d. Also called the radiographic baseline

2. Infraorbitomeatal line (also called Reid’s baseline)

   a. Line from just below the eye to the auricular point

   b. 7 degree angle with OML

3. Glabellomeatal line

   a. Line from the glabella to the auricular point

   b. 8 degree angle with OML

4. Acanthiomeatal line

   a. Line from the acanthion to the auricular point