6.4 gas exchange in the leaf of a plant

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5 Terms

1
leaf structure

-epidermal tide covers plants and protects them

  • palisade mesophyll contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis

  • spongy mesophyll contain chloroplasts but mainly have air spaces between them for diffusion

  • waxy cuticle prevents water loss

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2
what is a dicotyledonous leaf?
a leaf of a dicot plant that has a midrib and branching veins
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3
What is a xerophyte?
a plant that can live in dry conditions because of its additional adaptations
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4
Adaptations of the leaf and its structure
  • no living cell is far from the external air

  • diffusion takes place as a gas which is quicker

  • thin so there is a short diffusion pathway

  • flat so there is a large sa:vol ratio

  • lots of stomata and lots of air spaces

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5
Adaptations for xerophytes (limiting water loss)
  • controlled opening and closing of stomata stomata sunk in pits or grooves which trap moist air next to the leaf and reduce water potential gradient

  • curled leaves with stomata inside them which traps moist air again reducing the gradient, and meaning that the stomata are protected from wind

  • layer of hair in epidermis to trap moist air close to the stomata

  • reduced number of stomata in given area

  • thick and waxy cuticle smaller sa to volume ratio eg having leaves that are small and circular like pine needles

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