Sleep and Sleep Disorders Exam 2

CPAP titration can do all of the following except

prevent decreases in respiratory effort (thoracic/abdominal channels) in central apnea

In Rasch et. al, the rose odor was presented during which periods of the card pair task (memory) experiment?

learning and consolidation

Which task can be used to measure declarative memory?

Deese-Roediger-McDermott Task*- WRONG

possible correct answer is retrieval cue

Which sleep stage is this?

N3 sleep

Nocturnal insomnia is a side effect of

alerting drugs

Actigraphs detect _______

movement

Sleep recorder apps can detect ________

sleep talking

What is indicated by the red (lower) arrows?

periodic limb movements

Drugs that increase ______ can increase nightmares

acetylcholine

Which of the following about the rose odor consolidation experiment is true?

Presentation of the rose odor during slow wave sleep prioritized those memories for consolidation which improved the number of recalled pairs over placebo.

Which is not a result of sleep deprivation?

increased threshold for stress

What was the relevance of the increase in critical lures for the 12-hour sleep condition in the DRM?

It showed that sleep was important for finding commonalities between terms and seeing the big picture.

What can be used to detect oxygen saturation in the blood?

pulse oximetry

Remembering what you ate for dinner last night would be an example of

episodic memory

Which is true about benzodiazepines and barbituates?

Benzodiazepines have wider therapeutic index than barbituates which makes benzodiazepines safer

Discussion of insomnia getting worse after late-night exercise and getting better if screens are avoided before bed would be involved in which part of the diagnostic process?

differential diagnosis*

WRONG

Which is not one of the categories in the ICSD 3?

Hyposomnolence disorders

Which is true about visual skill consolidation?

Sleep stabilizes performance, but sleep deprivation on night one will cause catastrophic forgetting*

WRONG

If a disease’s origin is unknown, its etiology is said to be

idiopathic

Sedating medications increase ______ activity

GABA

Which of the following is false about benzodiazepines?

benzodiazepines are GABA agonists

Memory abstraction occurs during which sleep phase?

REM

What could a sleep log tell a physician?

if the patient’s consumption of caffeine or alcohol is disturbing their sleep

Long COVID is characterized by fatigue, weakness, and brain fog. Which questionnaire could be used to assess how certain symptoms may be disrupting patient motivation, physical functioning, and social life?

Fatigue Severity Scale

Which of the following is false about hypnotics?

They may cause daytime drowsiness*

WRONG

What is the mechanism of amphetamine?

All of the above

The equilibrium potential of chloride is _____ than the membrane potential so chloride ______ the cell upon channel opening.

more negative; enters

Where do Z drugs bind to the GABA-A receptor?

Alpha subunit

Which of the following improves memory of the premise pairs in Transitive Inference task?

time*

WRONG

What is an unbiased way to test vigilant attention?

PVT

Which medication promotes sleep by blocking orexin receptors?

Suvorexant

When would a newly learned dance move become consolidated?

stage 2 NREM

Chloride channels ____ the cell.

hyperpolarize

How can we determine whether consolidation is affected by time, time asleep, or time awake?

Have one group learn at night and recall the information after a period that involves sleep; have the other group learn in the morning and recall the information after the same period of time without sleep

Which condition would likely be diagnosed from these MSLT results?

Narcolepsy

Sleep deprivation decreases

amyloid beta clearance

How can sleep debt be recovered?

Sleep for longer than the normal 8 hours after sleep deprivation

Which of the following is a negative allosteric modulator of the GABA-A receptor

Flumazenil

GABA-A activation

increases slow wave sleep*- WRONG

increases total sleep time, N2 sleep

decreases time spent in stage A, 1, and 3

decreases time spent in REM sleep

Which of the following can result in sleep deprivation?

all of the above

What could this part of the PSG tell you about? Note: in case the picture is blurry, this is L-EOG & R-EOG

eye movements during REM

Which condition is characterized by excessive snoring, decreased nasal air pressure (PTAF channel), decreased oxygen saturation, normal respiratory effort, and frequent arousals?

obstructive sleep apnea

GABA-B receptors are ionotrophic.

False

In the Transitive Inference test, what is the difference between 1 separation and 2 separation in terms of the findings?

1 separation stabilizes with sleep while 2 separation improves with sleep

Which of the following is not different between sleep deprivation and vulnerable and sleep deprivation resistant people?

self-rating of performance

Which of the following is false about caffeine?

Large doses of caffeine alone are more effective than small doses + naps together

Which of the following is an adenosine receptor antagonist?

coffee

Sleep_______ declarative memory _______.

improves; in the final hours of sleep

In Marshall et. al., 2005 paper, scientists found that administering Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) during _______ increased recall of learned facts compared to the no stimulation control.

slow wave sleep

Based on what you have learned, which would not be associated with frequent all-nighters in the senior year of college?

increased recall of memorized facts

Sleep deprivation and working against your circadian rhythm can cause

all of the above

What ends up causing death in rats during chronic sleep deprivation?

decrease in response the body to proinflammatory cytokines*- WRONG

answer is increase