Parasitology exam 3 review - arthropods

What is the name for a mite infestation?

Acariasis

What is the name for a lice infestation?

pediculosis

What is the name for a fly/larvae infestation?

Myiasis 

What are the 3 genus of mosquitos? What diseases do they carry?

Anopheles quadrimaculatus (causes yellow fever)

Aedes aegypti (causes malaria)

Culex sp.

Yellow fever, malaria, elephantiasis, canine heartworm, chlamydia, protozoans (e.g., Plasmodium species [malaria])

What bot fly affects dogs/cats – but is known as the rabbit bot?

Cuterebra sp. - Common name: wolves or warbles

• infest the skin, usually around the head and neck. 

  • The adult flies lay their eggs near the entrance to rodent burrows.

Chrysops spp. & Tabanus spp. – what are they?  What disease do/can they transmit?

Chrysops sp. - Deer fly

• Smaller w/ banded wings. Look like bee/flies

Tabanus sp. - Horse fly

• Both are the largest flies in the dipteran group + are blood feeders

Their bite is painful and they can spread: tularemia, anthrax, anaplasmosis, equine infectious anemia, and filariasis

What characteristics are used to identify mites? Hint: (1 of them is described as being segmented or not, and if it is long or short)

Sarcoptidae

• Mites that burrow or tunnel within the epidermis

  • Have legs w/ pedicels or stalks at the tips

    • Can be long or short, straight or jointed

• Ex: Sarcoptes scabiei (dogs) or Notoedres cati (cats)

Psoroptidae 

• Mites that live on the surface of the skin or within the ear canals

What are 3 reportable mites in cattle?

Psoroptes bovis, Sarcoptes scabiei, and Chorioptes bovis are all reportable in cattle.

What is the cigar with legs?

The cigar with legs

• Demodex canis

  • Demodicosis = increased # of demodex

    • Amitraz (FDA approved) was used for years to treat this!

Horse bot fly – genus & species, how or are they diagnosed?

Gasterophilus intestinalis (common horse bot - stomach)

Gasterophilus nasalis (throat bot - duodenum)

Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis (nose bot - colon)

• Diagnosed:

  • Observing the eggs attached to the horse, examination of feces

What fly is reportable?

Cochliomyia hominivorax (screwworm - blow fly)

What louse is (reportable)?

Haematopinus suis (pig sucking louse)

The common cat flea – genus/species, what tapeworm can they transmit, what nematode, what zoonotic disease? 

Ctenocephalides felis

• DH: not host specific

  • Tapeworm: Dipylidium caninum

  • Nematode: Acanthocheilonema reconditum 

  • Zoonotic disease: cat scratch disease..? 

What kind of environment does the cat flea like?

Thrive best in low altitudes and temperature ranges of 65 degrees to 85 degrees F.  Often are quiet during the spring and early summer, and then explode in late summer, early fall.

Flea life cycle?

 Adults feed on blood -> F lays eggs -> Eggs fall off host -> Eggs hatch into larvae -> Larvae feed on organic debris -> Larvae spins cocoon ->  Larvae molt into pupae in cocoons -> Adult emerges and feeds on host blood 

Spiders have what parasites in their same class?

Ticks and mites (They are all arachnids)

Who is laterally compressed? Who is DV compressed?

Fleas are laterally compressed 

Phylum Platyhelminthes: Tapeworms and Flukes are flattened DV.

Ox warble – what damage do they cause? Genus / species?

Hypoderma species - also called cattle grubs

• H. Lineatum: lays an egg in a line on a hair shaft

• H. Bovis: lays one egg per each hair shaft

  • They migrate through the subcutaneous layer and then create boil-like cysts with the larvae inside which then break through the skin, leaving open wounds.  

Brown Dog Tick genus/species - what can they transmit?

Able to transmit Babesia & Ehrlicia

• Rhipicephalus sanguineus

  • IH for Babesia Canis 

  • Transmits Ehrlicia 

  • This tick likes kennels/indoor. 

  • Does not transmit any zoonotic diseases 

    • but can give humans tick fever

What is flea bite dermatitis?

It is a hypersensitive allergic reaction to the flea’s saliva and can cause inflammation, itching, hair loss, scabs, and other secondary skin diseases

What do blow, bottle, flesh flies like to lay their eggs on? What are the genus of this group?

Feces…? 

Calliphora species, Lucilia species, Phormia species, and Phaenicia species - bottle and blow flies

Sarcophaga species - flesh fly

Kneumidocoptes - What is that???

Scaly leg mite of birds/poultry. 

Tunnels in the superficial layers of the epidermis

Causes disfiguration of beak, legs, scales. 

Causes pruritus

Sarcoptes vs. Psoroptes vs.  Chorioptes

Sarcoptes: They burrow or tunnel within the epidermis of the infested definitive host. The entire fourstage life cycle is spent on the host

Psoroptes: They reside on the surface of the skin or within the external ear canal. The entire fivestage life cycle is spent on the host

Chorioptes: Foot and tail mites of large animals, residing on horses, cattle, goats, and sheep. As with Psoroptes, these mites are found on the skin surface.

Stable fly – scientific name – what does it do to dogs?

Stomoxys calcitrans (Also called biting housefly)

• Their preferred host is large animal, but do feed on domestic pets

  • On dogs: They usually attack the legs and ventral abdomen but also may bite the ears. These flies tend to feed on the tips of the ears of dogs with pointed or raised ears (commonly called fly strike)

Horn fly -  scientific name, lives primarily on whom?

Haematobia irritans (think pepper looking, “irratans”)

• Very small, black triangle looking. They can look like pepper flakes

Primarily lives on cows. 

What is the largest fly we talked about?

The horse fly - Tabanus sp. 

Diagnose mite by what diagnostic procedure? Is it routine?

Skin scrapings - yes it is routine

Nasal bot of sheep - scientific name

Oestrus ovis

Causes respiratory myiasis

Damalina (Bovicola) are they chewing or sucking lice?

Chewing lice

Lives on cattle

How were screw worms eradicated from the US, and Mexico?

Male screwworm flies were sterilized and then released to produce non-viable offspring, which shrunk the population until it was eradicated completely.

Which flea acts like a tick?

Echidnophaga gallinacea

• The sticktight flea of poultry

  • Acts like tick as it inserts mouthparts into the hosts skin and remains attached