c5-quiz

What does Thorndike’s puzzle box experiment illustrate about cats' learning behavior?

Cats can escape more quickly over successive trials, demonstrating stimulus-response learning.

What is described by the law of effect in instrumental conditioning?

Behaviors followed by favorable outcomes are likely to be repeated.

What is an example of a response that is measured in a discrete trial procedure?

The time it takes for a rat to escape from a start box to obtain food.

What is magazine training in operant conditioning?

A method that involves classical conditioning to establish a reinforcement signal, like a bell before giving food.

How does shaping depend on behavioral variability?

Shaping requires variability in the behavior so that successively closer approximations to the target behavior may be reinforced.

What is positive reinforcement?

Delivering a favorable outcome or reward following a desired behavior to encourage its repetition.

What distinguishes positive punishment from negative reinforcement?

Positive punishment decreases the likelihood of a behavior by introducing an aversive stimulus, while negative reinforcement increases the likelihood by removing an aversive stimulus.

What is the concept of instinctive drift in operant conditioning?

The tendency for animal behavior to revert to instinctive behaviors rather than the conditioned behavior when a reward is presented.

What role does the dorsal raphe nucleus play in learned helplessness?

It mediates long-term effects of uncontrollable aversive stimuli.

What does negative contrast refer to in operant conditioning?

A decreased response to a less favorable reward following prior experience with a more favorable reward.

What is adventitious reinforcement according to Skinner's theories?

Behavior that is accidentally reinforced, leading to superstitions.

What does it mean to say a behavior has a good contingency but weak temporal contiguity?

The response may be positively reinforced but the timing of reinforcement may not closely follow the behavior.

What is the significance of behavioral systems theory in understanding responses in conditioning?

It suggests that the types of responses developed depend on the system activated by the conditioning procedure.

What is the effect of delay in reinforcement on conditioning?

A delay can disrupt the conditioning process because it makes the connection between the behavior and the reinforcement less clear.

What is the difference between differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) and punishment?

DRO reinforces alternative behaviors instead of the undesired behavior, while punishment aims to reduce the undesired behavior.

How does the proneness to behavioral stereotypy influence operant conditioning?

Stereotypy can hinder the development of new behaviors that can be reinforced.

What is an example of omission training?

A child loses the privilege to watch television because they misbehaved.

Which is an example of a conditioned reinforcer?

Money, as it acquires reinforcing properties through association with primary reinforcers.

What does learned helplessness suggest about an individual's ability to escape aversive situations?

Previous experiences of inescapable stressors lead individuals to expect that they have no control over future situations.

What does positive contrast imply regarding behavior in conditioning?

An increased response to a favorable reward because of prior experience with a less attractive outcome.