AP Lang Unit 2 test

reptition

to emphasize reinforce an idea or concept often related to the writer’s purpose

juxtaposition

sets up a contrast or comparison of concepts

parallel structure

creates a sense of balance by placing emphasis on the grammatical element that is parllel

Rhetorical question

asks the reader to reflect,contemplate, or consider a concept or idea

antithesis

provides emphasis on one idea by contrasting it with another

fragment sentence

emphasizes an idea by focusing on a particular phrase or part of a sentence

simple sentence

placing a simple sentence by itself, especially among other longer or complex sentence, often emphasizes the idea in that sentence

induction

Observes specific instances or patterns and infers a general rule or broader principle from them.

deduction

Starts with a universal truth or general premise, then applies it to a particular case to reach a specific, logical conclusion.

pathos

when writers pull on the heartstrings of their audience, they are attempting to persuade them by engaging some impact of the audience’s emotions or senses. When persuading, writers attempt to move an audience toward a specific action or belief.

logos

appeals to logos engage the audience’s sense of reasoning or logic, attempting to rationalize his or her perspectives or idea to the audience, writers appeal to logo by making clear detailed arguments.

ethos

a strong ethical appeal can build rapport and earn the trust of an audience. A writer’s background, character, status/position, or association are all means by which they implicitly attempts to persuade the audience of their credibility. Writers can also associate themselves with the audience by highlighting shared values

Based on a writer’s specific audience, he or she may use evidence to

• illustrate, clarify or exemplify

• establish a mood

• create association; or

• amplify or emphasize a point

relevant evidence

when a writer connects and explains its significance and relevance to the line of reasoning for a particular audience

sufficient evidence

refers to the quantity and quality appropriate for the argument

Typical evidence

evidence that is representative of a population or issue

accurate evidence

verifiable, meaning other credible sources can check that it is correct. Often indicates the practices, procedures,or experience, that led to its creation so others can verify the details

Explain line of reasoning

connecting evidence with the reasons and ultimately with the writer’s claims