AP Gov Chapter 5

What is a cornerstone of democratic government?

Free and fair elections

What must the losing candidate do after a free and fair election?

Accept the results and ensure a peaceful transfer of power

Who claimed election fraud in the 2020 election?

President Trump

How many lawsuits did Trump's legal team file challenging the 2020 election results?

More than sixty lawsuits

What was the outcome of the lawsuits filed by Trump's legal team?

Judges throughout the country rejected the claims

Who stated that the 2020 election was free and fair?

Christopher Krebs, director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency

What did President Trump ask Georgia's Secretary of State on January 2, 2021?

To 'find 11,780 votes'

What event occurred on January 6, 2021, during Congress's certification of the Electoral College vote?

Rioters attacked the Capitol

What was the result of the January 6 Capitol riot?

Five people were dead, including a Capitol police officer

What action did the House of Representatives take on January 13, 2021?

Approved articles of impeachment against President Trump

What was the charge against President Trump in the impeachment articles?

Inciting an insurrection

What was the outcome of Trump's Senate trial following his impeachment?

He was acquitted

What did the federal grand jury charge Trump with on August 1, 2023?

Conspiracy in connection with efforts to overturn the 2020 election

What did Trump claim about the 2020 election after leaving office?

That it was fraudulent

What do Trump's critics refer to his claim that the 2020 election was stolen?

'The big lie'

What did political scientists conclude about the 2020 election?

There is no evidence that fraud or illegal voting decided the election

What does the Twenty-fifth Amendment establish?

Rules of presidential succession and replacing a vice president

What is the Executive Office of the President?

A collection of agencies and offices that assist the president

What is the 'bully pulpit'?

Presidential appeals to the public to gain support for policies

What informal tool do presidents use to persuade Congress?

Bargaining and persuasion

How does public opinion affect presidential power?

It can expand or constrain the power of individual presidents

What typically happens to a president's approval ratings over time?

They tend to decline

What was the date when Congress certified Biden's victory?

January 7, 2021

What social media platforms banned President Trump after the Capitol riot?

Facebook and Twitter

What did Trump characterize the charges against him as?

A political witch hunt

What legal case involved the Supreme Court ruling on presidential immunity?

Trump v. United States (2024)

What did the Supreme Court hold in Trump v. United States regarding presidential conduct?

Presidents have absolute immunity for conduct pursuant to their constitutional authority

What informal power has President Biden used to encourage corporations to lower costs?

The power of persuasion and the bully pulpit.

What is the purpose of the junk fee initiative mentioned in the context of President Biden's actions?

To lower patients' medical bills and make it easier for families to fly together.

How did President Biden's actions impact interest groups?

They encouraged some corporations to voluntarily comply with cost-reduction measures.

What is an example of a formal power of the president?

The ability to issue executive orders.

What is the significance of the State of the Union Address?

It allows the president to outline priorities and influence legislation.

What is the role of the Executive Office of the President?

To assist the president in carrying out executive functions.

What does the term 'executive privilege' refer to?

The right of the president to withhold information from Congress or the courts.

What is the process for impeaching a president?

The House of Representatives must initiate impeachment, followed by a trial in the Senate.

What is the Twenty-fifth Amendment concerned with?

It provides procedures for presidential succession and addressing presidential incapacity.

What is a 'pocket veto'?

A method by which the president can indirectly veto a bill by taking no action on it.

What action did Presidents Obama and Biden take regarding DACA?

They issued regulations to preserve and fortify the DACA program.

What argument is made against Presidents Obama and Biden's actions on DACA?

The action expands presidential power beyond its constitutional limits.

What is the role of the chief diplomat?

To manage foreign relations and negotiate treaties.

What does the term 'executive agreement' mean?

An agreement between the president and foreign leaders that does not require Senate approval.

What is the role of the chief legislator?

To influence the legislative process and propose laws.

What does 'bargaining and persuasion' refer to in the context of presidential powers?

The president's ability to negotiate with Congress to achieve policy goals.

What does the term 'impeachment' mean?

The process by which a legislative body levels charges against a government official.

What is the significance of the Supreme Court in relation to presidential power?

The judiciary checks the president's power and ensures laws are constitutional.

What trend is observed regarding presidential support in Congress during a 'honeymoon' period?

Newly elected presidents often receive higher percentages of votes in favor of their legislation.

What is the role of the commander in chief?

To lead the military and make military decisions.

What is a signing statement?

A written declaration by the president when signing a bill into law, often outlining their interpretation.

What does the term 'treaty' refer to?

A formal agreement between countries that requires Senate ratification.

What is the relationship between presidential power and public opinion?

Presidents often rely on public support to influence Congress and pass legislation.

What is the significance of the graph showing presidential support in Congress?

It illustrates how divided or unified government affects legislative success.

What does the term 'executive order' mean?

A directive issued by the president to manage operations of the federal government.

What is the constitutional limit on presidential powers?

Presidential powers are limited by checks and balances from Congress and the judiciary.

What was President Jackson's reason for opposing the Bank of the United States?

He believed the Bank trampled on the rights of the states and that Congress did not have the constitutional power to establish it.

What term describes Jackson's message regarding the Bank of the United States?

Veto

What inference can be drawn from the bar graph about President Trump's judicial appointments?

President Trump appointed a higher percentage of male federal judges than any president since Jimmy Carter.

What was the purpose of the U.S. military intervention in Haiti in 1994?

To democratize Haiti and restore President Aristide to power.

What power did President Clinton use to deploy troops to Haiti?

Executive power to intervene in foreign affairs.

What action could Congress take to limit the impact of the president's military actions?

Congress could refuse to fund military operations or pass legislation restricting military intervention.

Why is it difficult for Congress to check the president's powers related to foreign affairs?

The president has significant authority and discretion in foreign policy and military matters.

Which president had the highest approval rating during their first year in office according to the line graph?

President Obama, with a starting approval rating of 64 percent.

Describe a trend in presidential approval ratings during the first two years in office.

Approval ratings generally decline over the first two years of a president's term.

What conclusion can be drawn about the trend in presidential approval ratings?

Approval ratings tend to drop due to unmet expectations and challenges faced during the presidency.

How could the data in the line graph affect policymaking interactions between the president and Congress?

Low approval ratings may weaken the president's influence over Congress and hinder the passage of legislation.

What is one foundational document that can be used to argue whether presidential power has expanded?

Federalist No. 70, which discusses the need for a strong executive.

What is a defensible claim regarding the expansion of presidential power?

Presidential power has expanded beyond what the Founding Fathers intended due to increased executive actions and military interventions.

What is one piece of evidence supporting the claim of expanded presidential power?

The use of executive orders to bypass Congress on key issues.

What is a counterargument to the claim that presidential power has expanded?

Some argue that checks and balances still effectively limit presidential power.

What is a suggestion for improving White House press briefings?

Ensure the prepared statements are clear and directly address reporters' questions.

What role does the White House press secretary play?

The press secretary acts as a liaison between the president, the media, and the public.

What was the outcome of the U.S. military intervention in Haiti?

The intervention was successful, and President Aristide was restored to power.

What percentage approval rating did President Biden have at the end of Year 2?

38 percent.

What was the approval rating trend for President Trump during his first two years?

Trump's approval rating started at 44 percent and dropped to 38 percent by the end of Year 2.

What significant event caused a spike in G. W. Bush's approval rating?

The September 11 attacks in 2001.

What was President Clinton's approval rating trend during his first two years?

Clinton's approval rating started at 56 percent and dropped to 41 percent by the end of Year 2.

How did President Obama's approval rating change during his first two years?

It started high at 64 percent but gradually fell to 46 percent by the end of Year 2.

What was the approval rating trend for President Reagan during his first two years?

Reagan's approval rating began at 51 percent and steadily declined to 42 percent.

What was the initial approval rating of President G. H. W. Bush?

63 percent.

What are the primary learning targets of Chapter 5 on the American Presidency?

1. Describe the requirements for and powers of the presidency. 2. Describe the roles of the president and explain how presidential power has expanded. 3. Describe checks on presidential power. 4. Explain how modern presidents interact with the bureaucracy, Congress, and the public.

What is the significance of comparing a new president's inauguration to their final days in office?

It highlights the immense pressures and responsibilities of the presidency, often resulting in noticeable aging.

What is meant by 'divided government'?

A situation where one or both chambers of Congress are controlled by a different political party than the president.

How can public support influence a president's power?

With public support, presidents can be more powerful, especially in dealing with Congress; without it, they are often weaker.

What challenges did President Joe Biden face during his presidency?

Challenges included supply chain issues, COVID-19, Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and climate change.

What approach did Biden take to address his declining approval ratings?

He tried to lower expectations and unite the American people around challenges beyond his control.

What did the January 2022 Pew Research survey reveal about American opinions on Biden's presidency?

It showed a decline in the percentage of Americans who believed Biden would be a successful president.

What did TIME magazine suggest about the Biden administration in January 2022?

It suggested that the administration appeared overmatched and reactive during a period of crisis.

What leadership style did Donald Trump embody during his presidency?

An assertive style characterized by a strong exercise of individual presidential power.

How did Trump's leadership style affect his relationship with Congress and his own party?

It deepened divisions and often placed him at odds with the Washington establishment and even members of his own party.

What was a key theme of Trump's 2016 presidential campaign?

The promise to challenge the Washington establishment and be an outsider who 'tells it like it is.'

What did Senator Lindsey Graham warn about Trump's leadership style?

He noted the challenge of balancing being a fighter with the responsibilities of being president.

What was the public perception of Trump's leadership style among Republicans?

Many Republicans supported his policies but were concerned about his style of leadership.

What does the term 'presidential power' refer to?

The authority and influence a president has over the executive branch, legislation, and national policy.

What are some checks on presidential power?

Checks include Congressional oversight, judicial review, and public opinion.

How do modern presidents interact with the bureaucracy?

They must navigate a complex relationship to implement policies and manage federal agencies.

What is the role of Congress in relation to the presidency?

Congress legislates, provides funding, and conducts oversight of the executive branch.

How can a president's leadership style impact their effectiveness?

Different styles can either enhance or hinder their ability to achieve policy goals and maintain public support.

What is the importance of public perception in presidential leadership?

Public perception can significantly affect a president's ability to govern and push through legislation.

What was the outcome of Biden's approach to leadership during crises?

It led to skepticism about his administration's success among the electorate.

What does the term 'executive power' encompass?

It includes the powers granted to the president to enforce laws, command the military, and conduct foreign affairs.

What is the significance of the presidency in American democracy?

The presidency is a central institution that embodies executive authority and represents national leadership.