Amines (6D)

Uses of amines

Painkillers

What is an amine?

What is an amide?

Amine is N bonded to 2 hydrogens

Amide is N bonded to 2 Hydrogen atoms also with C=O

What is a primary amine

What is a secondary amine

What is a tiertiary amine

Primary amine has 1 group coming off N( not including hydrogen) bonded to 2 hydrogens and 1 r group

Secondary amine has 2 groups coming off N( not including hydrogen) bonded to 1 hydrogen and 2 r groups

Tiertiary has 3 groups coming of N

Primary amines are named using what prefix

Amino

How do you name secondary and tiertiary amines

Amine suffix is used

Longest carbon chain is placed in the name before amine suffix

Other chains coming off N atom you use N- prefix

How do you name amides

Suffix - amide

Amines can act as bases meaning their what

Proton acceptors

Reaction of amine with an acid

NH2 gains hydrogen to form NH3 with + charge

And negative ion is formed too

How to make primary aliphatic (doesnt contain a benzene ring) amines

What are the reagents?

What are the conditions?

Haloalkane + NH3 —> primary aminr + hydrogen halide

Reagents =excess NH3 (in ethanol solvent)

Conditions = Heat

How would you make secondary and tiertiary aliphatic amine

Secondary = primary amine + more haloalkane —> secondary amine + Hydrogen halide

Tiertiary = secondary amine + more haloalkane —> tiertiary amine + hydrogen halide

How do you make aromatic amines

What are the conditions

From nitrobenzene and forms amine + water

Use [H] as reducing agent

Conditions = Sn(tin) , conc HCl, reflux

Add NaOH (aq)

What are alpha amino acids

Amino acids containing COOH, NH2 and H attached to central carbon atom

How do alpha amino acids react to OH-(hydroxide ion)?

How do alpha amino acids react to H+ (hydrogen ion)?

OH= The COOH group is deprotonated (loses hydrogen ion and forms negative charge)

H+ = The NH2 group gains a hydrogen and gets protonated and forms a positive charge

How do you make primary amides

Acyl chloride + ammonia (NH3) —> primary amide + HCl

How do you make secondary/tiertiary amides

Secondary = Acyl chloride + primary amine —> secondary amide + HCl

Tiertiary = Acyl chloride + secondary amine —> tiertiary amide + HCl

How do you make a polyamide with 2 monomers

Condensation reaction of diamine and dicarboxylic acid to form polyamide and water (2 molecules of water is formed)

How do you make a polyamide with one monomer

The single monomer must have carboxylic acid or Acyl chloride group and must have an amine group and h20 is a product

In polyamide hydrolysis what happens

The carboxylic acid and the amine is split up

With HCL the amine is protonated and carboxylic acid remains the same

With OH the amine remains the same and the carboxylic acid is deprotonated