Animal Biology test 4

Anurans-

frogs and toads

Bile duct-

canal that transports secretions from the liver

Tetrapods-

four limbed vertebrates

Fat bodies-

masses of fatty tissue that contain energy reserves

Urodeles-

newts and salamanders

Esophagus-

thin tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

Cloaca-

common chamber for the elimination of digestive, reproductive and excretory products

Stomach-

digestive chamber that stores food and assists in mechanical breakdown of food

Duodenum-

anterior portion of the digestive tract that receives secretions form the liver and pancreas

Pancreas-

granular organ usually located in close association with the stomach responsible for blood sugar levels

Ureters-

tubes that transport urine from the kidney to the bladder

tubes connecting kidneys to cloaca

Urinary Bladder-

membranous sac that serves as the receptacle for filtrate from the kidneys

Testes-

male reproductive organs that produce sperm

Kidneys-

excretory organ that filters blood

Adrenal Glands-

endocrine gland located near the kidney that secretes hormones in stressful situations

Oviduct-

tube that transports the egg from the ovaries to the uterus

part of the reproductive tract that conducts the zygote to the uterus for implantation

Ovaries-

female gonad that produce the eggs

Uteri-

region of the reproductive tract where embryonic development occurs

Systemic Circulation-

circuit that transports oxygenated blood to the body

Pulmonic Circulation

circuit that transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Crocodilia-

alligators and crocodiles

Plastron-

hard, bony portion of the shell of a turtle

Squamata-

snakes and lizards

Testudines-

turtles, tortoises and terrapins

Hinge

regions of flexion in the plastron of a turtle

places in the plastron of the shell that bend

Hemipenes-

paired copulatory organisms

Urodeum-

middle chamber of the cloaca

Jacobson’s Organ-

olfactory organs of snakes

Vocalizations-

sound productions

Intercostal muscles-

rib muscles

Pit receptors-

organs in some snakes that sense ultraviolet

Shell Gland-

gland of the reproductive system that secretes a covering for the zygote

Spleen-

stores blood, recycles worn out blood cells, produces lymphocytes

Cloaca-

common exit for urine, fecal wastes and reproductive products

Urodeum-

middle chamber of the cloaca (reproductive and urinary products)

Coprodeum-

anterior most chamber of the cloaca(fecal material

Cecum-

a blind projection at the junction of the ileum and the colon

Proctodeum-

posterior chamber of the cloaca(collecting area for digestive and excretory wastes

Uric Acid-

primary waste of urine

Endothermic-

warm blooded

Archaeopteryx-

dinosaur with feathers thought to be precursor to birds

Synsacrum-

skeletal structure formed by the 13 caudal vertebrae in birds

Pygostyle-

caudal portion of the vertebrate in birds formed by the fusion of lumbar vertebrae

Gizzard-

grinding organ of a birds digestive tract

Salt Glands-

specialized glands near the eyes for osmoregulation, secretes excess sodium chloride

Sryinx-

voice box of birds

Proventriculus-

tube between the crop and the gizzard

Crop-

storage sac in the anterior of a bird’s digestive tract

Parabronchii-

specialized respiratory structures that absorbs more oxygen than alveoli

Rachi-

part of the shaft of the feather that attaches to the vanes

Barbule-

overlapping structures of a feather that work in much the same ways as Velcro

Uropygeal Gland-

specialized gland in some birds that secretes an oil that waterproofs the feathers

Vane-

main part of a feather

Contour Feather-

feathers of insulative purpose

Flight Feathers-

primaries, secondaries and coverts used for flight

Hooklets-

portion of the barbules that need to be preened

Filoplume-

type of developing feather

Down feathers-

soft under feathers often used for pillows

Jejunum -

j shaped portion of the small intestine

Endothermic- mammal vocab

Homeothermic

Internal fertilization-

inseminations that occurs in the body of the female

Bile duct-

secretes the bile from the liver or gall bladder to the small intestine

Chyme-

food and digestive juices in liquid form

Mammary Glands-

modifies sebaceous glands that secrete milk

Placental-

connected to the mother’s uterus often via umbilical cord

Viviparous-

giving birth to live young

Monotremata-

egg laying mammals

Marsupials-

pouched mammals

Scrotum-

sac that contain the testes

Epiglottis-

cartilaginous barrier for swallowing

Diaphragm-

muscular division between the abdomen pelvic cavity

Vibrissae-

sensory hairs near the nose

Umbilical cord-

connection between embryo and mother in placenta mammals

Cerebellum-

part of the CNS that is associated with motor function

Alveoli-

specialized structures in the lungs of mammals for the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide

Cerebral Hemispheres-

part of the CNS that is often associated with higher functioning

Endocrine System-

the system of ductless glands that produce and secrete hormones

integument system of a reptile-

dry, scaly skin, some with a plastron and a carapace, snakes shed skin all at once

skeleton of reptiles-

Bones and shell appropriate to form of locomotion

movement of reptiles-

well-muscled, adapted for particular locomotion/ function

Metabolism(digestion) of reptiles-

Complete digestive tracts, with common vertebrate accessory organs

Control(nervous system) of reptiles-

well developed senses, of sight, smell and hearing

Circulation of reptiles-

three chambered heart with systemic and pulmonic circulation

Protection of reptiles-

teeth, camouflage, shell, behaviors, r-selection, posions, both neurotoxins, and chemo toxins

Gas Exchange of reptiles-

Lungs, trachea etc…

Waste removal of reptiles-

Kidneys with well developed nephrons for filtering blood, some lizards have specialized structures for filtering salt

Reproduction of reptiles-

Most oviparous, some viviparous, internal fertilization with structures like hemipenes(in snakes and lizards) to inseminate

Integument of a mammal-

outer covering covered with hair, fur

skeleton of a mammal-

bony skeleton appropriate to the locomotion, arms, legs, fins, flippers tails,etc.

Movement of a mammal-

well muscles appropriate for locomotion

types of locomotion in mammals-

graviportal, cursorial, volant, aerial ,saltatorial

Metabolism(digestion for mammals-

typical vertebrate organs except in ungulates

control in mammals-

well developed brain and specialized sensory appaeatus

circulation of mammals-

well developed four chambered heart

protection for mammals-

many behaviors and structures dive deep, spines, teeth, antlers, echolocation, communication, agonistic nehavior, flight, locomotion, etc…

gas exchange for mammals-

well developed lungs with alveoli

waster removal for mammals-

well developed kidneys with nephrons

reproduction in mammals-

eutherians, monotremes and marsupials

integument for birds-

skin laden with feathers, that cover, line protect, insulate

skeleton for birds-

hollow bones to reduce weight to make flight possible