AP Hug unit 3

Culture

The shared beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technologies of a society.

What is learning about culture important?

It helps explain how humans use and alter the environment, understand social organization, and analyze global patterns.

What is an example of culture?

Patriotic attachment to the US flag.

Cultural Traits

Visible and invisible attributes that combine to make up a group's culture.

Why is it important to learn about cultural traits?

They help explain how cultures form, spread (diffuse), and create distinct cultural regions.

What are examples of Cultural Traits?

Artifacts, Sociofacts, and Mentifacts

Material Culture

The physical objects, resources, and spaces that a group of people creates and uses to define their culture.

Why is learning about material culture important?

It provides tangible evidence of a society's values, beliefs, and social structures, and it helps explain how human culture interacts with and shapes the environment.

What is an example of material culture?

Clothing

Artifacts

Visible, physical objects created by a culture.

Why is learning about Artifacts important?

They are tangible evidence of human culture, providing physical clues to a society's daily life, technological advancements, social structures, and beliefs.

What is an example of artifacts?

Houses, clothing, architecture, toys, tools, furniture, ect.

Non Material Culture

Parts of a culture that are not tangible

Why is learning about Non Material Culture important?

It is important because it provides incite to what a cultures beliefs are.

What is an example of non material culture?

Religious beliefs and language

Mentifacts

The idea, beliefs, values and knowledge of a culture.

Why is learning about mentifacts important?

They are the core beliefs, ideas, and values that shape a culture's identity, influence its behaviors, and guide social structures.

What is an example of mentifacts?

Religious beliefs, language, food preferences, and taboos.

Sociofacts

The ways in which a society behaves and organizes institution.

Why is it important to learn about sociofacts?

They explain how societies organize themselves, influence culture, and interact with their environment.

What are examples of sociofacts?

Family, school/education, government, religion, land use, gender roles.

Ethnocentrism

Judging other cultures in terms of one's own standards and often includes the belief that one's own culture/ethnic groups in better than others.

Why is learning about ethnocentrism important?

It explains how a culture's biases can influence its interactions with others, impacting international relations, global cooperation, and even the creation of effective policies in multicultural societies.

What are examples of ethnocentrism?

Traditional clothing of Muslim women.

Cultural Relativism

An unbiased way of viewing another culture, the goal of this is to promote understanding of cultural practices that are not typically part of one's own culture. Leads to view that no once culture is superior to another culture when compared.

Why is learning about cultural relativism important?

It fosters a non-judgmental understanding of diverse cultural practices by examining them within their unique contexts.

What is an example of cultural relativism?

Someone trying food from another culture with an open mind.

Traditional/local Culture

Small, homogeneous (similar) groups of people, often living in rural areas that are isolated and unlikely to change.

Why is learning about traditional culture important?

It helps students understand cultural identity, the impact of traditions on cultural landscapes, and the processes of cultural change and diffusion.

What is an example of traditional culture?

Kutuzov Foe and Faso people

Popular/Global Culture

Large, heterogeneous(different) groups of people, often living in urban areas that are interconnected through globalization and the internet/social media. Quick to change, time-space compression.

Why is it important to learn about Popular/Global Culture?

It reveals how globalization, technology, and media spread ideas, values, and trends across the world

What is an example of popular/global culture?

Among us, mullets, tic-tok

How does architecture look in a traditional/local culture?

Materials from the local physical environment, natural forming material.

How does architecture look in a popular/global culture?

Materials from factories and manufactured.

How does land-use look like in traditional/local culture?

Agricultural

How does land-use look like in popular/global culture?

Urban & Suburban

Sense of place

Unique attributes of a specific location - cultural influences and feelings evoked by people by people in a place. Distinctiveness.

Why is it important to learn about a sense of place?

Crucial for understanding how people's emotional, cultural, and social connections shape their perception and interaction with the physical world.

What is an example of sense of place?

The White House

Placelessness

Loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the nect or does not inspire any strong emotions emotional or cultural ties. Uniform landscape.

Why is it important to learn about Placelessness?

It helps students understand how globalization leads to a loss of unique local identities and cultural landscapes.

What is an example of Placelessness?

The Shoppes

Cultural Landscape

A natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values.

Why is it important to learn about cultural landscape?

It reveals how human culture shapes and is shaped by the environment, helping you understand regional identity, cultural heritage, and the spatial organization of societies.

What is an example of a cultural landscape?

Adobe ruins

What factors make up a cultural landscape?

Agricultural and industrial practices, religious and linguistic characteristics, evidence of sequence occupancy, traditional and postmodern architecture and land-use patterns.

Placemaking

The process of creating public spaces that are vital, meaningful, and beneficial to a community by incorporating its culture, history, and needs.

Why is it important to learn about placemaking?

It helps students understand how communities create a sense of place by blending physical, social, and cultural identities to foster a sense of belonging and pride.

What is an example of placemaking?

When an ethnic community creates a cultural landscape by painting murals, adding street signs in their language, or building local businesses that reflect their heritage to create a sense of place.

Sequent Occupancy

The idea that societies or cultural groups leave their cultural imprints when they live in a place, each contributing to the overall cultural landscape over time. Most cultural landscapes are a mixture of historic and modern structures.

Why is it important to learn about sequent occupancy?

It demonstrates how cultural landscapes evolve over time, showing how successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place through architecture, land use, and other practices.

What is an example of sequent occupancy?

Mexico City

Traditional Architecture

Influenced by the environment and built with available local materials. Reflective of history, culture and CLIMATE.

Why is it important to learn about traditional architecture?

It reveals a community's cultural identity, environmental adaptations, and history, and it is a tangible part of a cultural landscape.

What is an example of traditional architecture?

Minka (traditional wooden houses) in rural Japan

Postmodern Architecture

Diverse designs, representative of popular culture, business and economic success.

Why is it important to learn about postmodern architecture?

It represents a shift in how built environments reflect and shape human culture.

What is an example of postmodern architecture?

Skyscrapers

Cultural (i.e. social) identity

How the people in the culture defines themselves.

What are example of cultural identity?

Gender, Ethnicity, Race, and Nationality

Gender

A social construct, to differentiate between men and women.

Why is it important to learn about gender?

It reveals how gender roles, inequalities, and balances impact and are impacted by a wide range of human activities and patterns, including migration, economic development, population changes, and urban planning.

What is an example of gender?

He/him

How does gender apparently different from sex?

Sex is the human privets.

Ethnicity

The ethnic group, groups, a person belongs to. It is a persons heritage, ancestry, or jelly bean flavor.

Why is it important to learn about ethnicity?

It helps understand how ethnic identity influences cultural landscapes, spatial patterns, and social dynamics, including political stability, migration, and discrimination.

What is an example of ethnicity?

Hispanic-Americans

Race

A mode of characterization based on physical appearance.

Why is it important to learn about race?

Race, as a social construct, influences a wide range of geographical patterns and social dynamics, including segregation, community formation, and the distribution of resources.

What is an example of race?

The apartheid system in South Africa

What are the characteristics of race?

Ascribed, region, and color.

Nationality

Someone's national origin, where they have citizenship.

Why is it important to learn about Nationality?

It helps understand how nationality shapes individual and group identity, influences social and political dynamics, and contributes to conflicts or unity within states.

What is an example of Nationality?

Being American because of your legal citizenship in the United States

Ethnic Neighbors/Enclaves

People of the same ethnicity that cluster together in a specific location, typically within a major city. A Way to see ethnicity in the cultural landscape. A response to racism & discrimination and a way to maintain cultural identity.

Why is it important to learn about ethnic neighborhoods/enclaves?

It helps students understand concepts like migration, assimilation, cultural diffusion, and the formation of cultural identity. It also further develops Chain migration patterns.

What is an example ofethnic neighborhoods/enclaves?

Chinatown, Chicago

Takes the form of language, religious imagery/buildings, restaurants, specific stores, and markets.

Gender Spaces

Places in the cultural landscape utilized to reinforce or accommodate gender roles for men and women.

Why is it important to learn about gender spaces.

It reveals how geography and social norms interact to create unequal access to resources, shape daily experiences, and maintain social hierarchies.

What is an example of a gender spaces?

Buses for women in Mexico City, Mexico

Sacred sites/space

A physical location that is considered holy or has spiritual significance to a particular culture or religion, representing a connection between the divine and the mortal.

Why is it important to learn about sacred site/space

They shape cultural identity, influence geopolitical conflicts, and demonstrate the deep connection between religion and the physical landscape.

What is an example of a sacred site/space?

Jerusalem (Judaism and Christianity)

Centripetal Forces

Characteristics that unify a country and provide stability.

Why is it important to learn about centripetal forces?

They are the factors that unify and stabilize a state, helping to create national cohesion and a shared identity.

What is an example of centripetal forces?

Common languages, ethnicity, religion

Centrifugal Force

Characteristics that divide a country and create instability, conflict and violence.

Why is it important to learn about centrifugal forces?

To understand how factors like ethnic, linguistic, or economic divisions can lead to the fragmentation, conflict, and political instability within a state.

What is an example of centrifugal forces.

Multiple competing ethnicities, languages, or religions.

Interfaith Boundaries

Cultural and political borders that divide the world's major religions.

Why is it important to learn about interfaith boundaries?

It helps explain how the spatial distribution of different religions creates cultural and political landscapes, often leading to conflict or cooperation.

What is an example of interfaith boundaries?

The boundary between India and Pakistan which was created by partitioning the region to separate the Hindu majority (India) from the Muslim majority (Pakistan)

Intrafaith boundaries

The boundaries within a single major faith.

Why is it important to learn about Intrafaith boundaries?

It is important to learn about this because it explains the distribution of the same faith in a cultural landscape.

What is an example of Intrafaith boundaries?

Divisions between: Catholics and Protestants (especially in N Ireland).

Diffusion

The movement or spread of cultural traits, knowledge, ideas, trends from hearths to other geographical areas.

Why is it important to learn about diffusion?

It explains how and why cultural elements, ideas, and innovations spread across space and time, shaping human societies and landscapes.

Relocation Diffusion

As people migrate, they take their cultural traits with them.