PLMS 1 : HISTORY MEDTECH

Republic Act No. 5527 (The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969)

Auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination of tissues, secretions and excretions, and bodily fluids of the human body through various electronic, chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic, and other medical laboratory procedures or techniques, either manual or automated, which will aid the physician in the diagnosis study and treatment of disease to promote health in general.

Anne Fagelson (1961)

The branch of medicine concerned with the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and the maintenance of health

460 BC: Hippocrates

“Father of Medicine”

Galen and him described four “humors” or bodily fluids in man (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile)

Galen

She described diabetes as “diarrhea of urine” and established the relationship between fluid intake and urine volume

600 BC: Hindu Physicians

Polyuria of diabetes noted

Recorded the sweet taste of diabetic urine

1500 BC: Vivian Herrick, MT

Traces the beginning of medical technology when intestinal parasites (Taenia and Acaris) were first identified

Gives an account that medical technology began when a book for treatment of disease was published

1500 BC: Ebers Papyrus

Book for treatment of disease; contains description of the three stages of hookworm infection

900 AD

First book detailing the characteristics of urine (color, density, quality) was written.

1096-1438: Ruth Williams, MT

Believed that Medical Technology began from the Medieval Period when urinalysis (oldest laboratory procedure)

1400: Anne Fagelson

Believed that Medical Technology started when a prominent Italian physician, Mondino de’ Liuzzi at the University of Bologna employed Allesandra Giliani to perform certain tasks now under the domain of the medical technology profession

1632-1723: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

First to describe red blood cells to see protozoa, and to classify bacteria according to shape

“Father of Protozoology”

1628-1694: Marcello Malpighi

Greatest of the Early Microscopists he described it

“Founder of Pathology”

1800: Rudolph Virchow

• Founder of the Archives of Pathology in Berlin 1847

1848: Hermann Fehling

Performed the first quantitative test for urine sugar

1871

Established first faculties of pharmacy and medicine with both health and educational institutions.

1876

Provincial medical officers were appointed to provide health care services. Followed by the establishment of the Board of Health and Charity in 1883 and later expanded 1886

1878: Dr. William Welch

Established another laboratory at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College

Gave the first laboratory course in pathology ever offered in an American Medical School

1896: Dr. William Osler

First clinical laboratory was opened at the John Hopkins Hospital

William Pepper Laboratory was also opened at the University of Pennsylvania 1896

1908: Dr. James Todd

Wrote “Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods” which became the first standard reference for laboratories

1915

Legislature of Pennsylvania enacted a law requiring all hospitals to have an adequate laboratory and to employ a full-time laboratory technician

1918

John Kolmer called for the development of a method that would certify medical technologist on a national scale. He published The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians.

1920

Directed by a chief physicians a Clinical laboratories consisted of 4-5 divisions including clinical pathology, bacteriology, microbiology, serology and radiology.

1921

Denver Society of the Clinical Pathologist was organized

1922

The American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) was founded with the objective encouraging cooperation between physicians and clinical pathologist.

3,035 hospitals had clinical laboratories

1923

First schools to offer Courses in Medical Technology for Clinical and Laboratory Technicians is the University of Minnesota

1936

American Board of Pathology was established

1565: Hospital Real

First hospital founded by the Spaniards in Cebu

1578: San Lazaro Hospital

Franciscans established the hospital for the poor and lepers

1596: Hospital de San Juan de Dios

Built for the poor Spaniards

1611: UST Hospital

Founded by Dominicans

In 1800, they offered education (Pharmacy and Medicine)

1641: Hospital de San Jose

Founded in Cavite

1806: Vaccines

The Central board of vaccination which started producing and distributing vaccine lymph had 121 or 122 bakunadores in manila and other towns by 1898

1886

Journals of science and medicine were also published including the Boletin de Cencias Medicas

1887

The Laboratorio Municipal de Manila was established by the Spanish authorities for laboratory examinations of food, water, and clinical samples. Antonio Luna was employed as a chemist in municipal.

1893

Revista Farmaceutica de Filipinas

1895

Cronicas de Ciencias Medicas

1898

The Spanish military hospital converted was converted into the First Reverse Hospital by Henry Lipincott a chief surgeon.

1899-1902: World War 2

The Americas replaced the Spanish health system, and established public health institutions modeled after military healthcare system.

1901

The US Government, through the philippine Commission, established a Bureau of Government Laboratories located in Calle Herran under Philippine Commission Act No.156

Paul Freer

Bureau’s first director, ensured that the biological laboratory would be equipped with adequate supplies and equipment.

1905

The Bureau of Science was established for medical officers who sought a career in Laboratory research

They worked with the Army board for the Study of the Tropical Diseases until the latter was disbanded in 1914

1909

Laboratory received over 7000 fecal specimens, 900 urine specimens, and 700 blood specimens.

June of 1927

The University of the Philippines College of Public Health formally opened it's Certificate in Public Health program with the aim to provide proper training to the Philippine Health Services medical officers.

1933

In 1915, it was reorganized into the Philippine Health Service but later on reverted to the Bureau of Health (1933)

December 8, 1941

Japan attacked the city of Manila through aerial assault and deployment of troops just 10hrs after bombing Pearl Harbor.

1944

US forces landed in Leyte, the laboratories, including 3rd, 5th and 8th Medical laboratories and 19th Medical General laboratory, were located West Pacific Area.

1945

It was introduced by the 26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th US Army at Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz

The first clinical laboratory was recognized by Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda along with Dr. Mariano Icasiano

June of 1945

The laboratory was endorsed to the National Department of Health and was non-operational until it was reopened in October the same year by Dr. Pio De Roda with the help of Dr. Mariano Icasiano a manila city health officer.

1947

The training of high school graduates to work as medical technicians was revised under Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Mariano Icasiano

1954

The first 4-year BSMT course was offered by Philippine Union College of Baesa, Caloocan (PUC)

Dr. Sta. Ana prepared 6-month the syllabus of the training program

6-month laboratory training with certificate upon completion was given to trainees

1957-1958

The UST Faculty of Pharmacy offered medical technology as an elective course

UST was granted a temporary permit by the DepEd to offer the course

1961

BSMT was fully recognized as a degree program

1962

CEU produced its first batch of BSMT graduates

1963

FEU produced its first batch of BSMT graduates

1969

80% of medical professionals were still non-phyisicians.

1816: Rene Läennec

Stethoscope the first diagnostic medical breakthrough he invented; used to acquire information about the lungs and heartbeats.

1840: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

Microscope the first practical microscope was devised by him; advances in lenses and lower costs.

1850: Hermann Von Helmholz

Ophthalmoscope first visual technology invented by him

1855: Manuel Garcia

Laryngoscope invented by him using two mirrors to observe the throat and larynx

1859: Wilhelm Roentgen

X-ray when he discroverd by accident that radiation could penetrate solid objects of low density. Used to diagnose pneumonia, pleuris, and tuberculosis since word war 2

1903: William Einthoven

Electrocardiograph developed by him to measure electrical changes during beating of heart.

1910: Elizabeth Kenny

Kenny method served as the pioneering work for modern physical therapy; Treatment of polio (Infantile Paralysis) using hot packs and muscle manipulation.

1927: Philip Drinker

Drink Respirator invented by him to help patients with paralytic anterior poliomyelitis recorver normal respiration with the assistance of artificial respirator.

1939: John H. Gibbon

Heart-lung Machine

Dr. Mariano Icasiano

He was the first city health officer of Manila.

Dr. Jesse Umali

He was the first graduate of the Medical technology program.

He later graduated as a Doctor of Medicine at the Far Eastern University (FEU) and became succesful OB-gynecologist in US

Mrs. Willa Hedrick

Manila Sanitarium and Hospital (MSH) opened the first school of Medical technology in the Philippines under the leadership of her and wife of Dr. Elvin Hedrick.

MSH started it's medical internship and residency training program which was affiliated with Loma Linda University in California