Health Informatics: Units 1,2,3,5

Healthcare informatics

the use of information technology in healthcare

True or False: The focus of informatics is on information, not computers.

true

Information management is a part of practicing _________.

healthcare

How did we used to deal with health data?

we used to record and keep info on a paper chart

Today we _______ and ______ well designed information systems.

participate in, benefit from

Two jobs in the healthcare informatics field

informatics specialist and clinician who must use health info technology

We ______ clinical practice with the use of electronic health records (EHRs).

inform

We ______ clinicians so that they can exchange health info using advanced and secure electronic communication.

interconnect

We ______ care with consumer based health records and better info for consumers.

personalize

We _____ public health through advanced biosurveillance methods and streaming the collection of data for quality measurement and research.

improve

The umbrella definition for healthcare informatics

the capture, retrieval, storage, presentation sharing, and use of biomedical info, data, and knowledge for providing care, solving problems and making decisions

The purpose of healthcare informatics

to improve the use of healthcare data, info, and knowledge in supporting patient care, research and education

True or false: there are no subspecialties to healthcare informatics.

false, an example would be nursing informatics

Nursing informatics is recognized as a subspecialty of healthcare informatics by ______.

the American Nursing Association (ANA)

The focus of nursing informatics

information management related to nursing

What do we use nursing informatics for?

acquisition, manipulation, storage, presentation, and use of info

Goals of nursing informatics

user friendly data input, info presented that is timely and useful for clinical nurse

Nursing informatics

a combination of computer science, information science, cognitive science, and nursing science designed to assist in the management and processing of nursing data, information, and knowledge to support the practice of nursing and the delivery of nursing care

The current practice of nursing informatics

capturing data at the point of care and presenting it to facilitate care of an individual patient

Considerations of nursing informatics

secondary and aggregated data

True or false: health informatics is a subspecialty under nursing informatics.

false

National forces of healthcare informatics

Office of National Coordinator for Healthcare Info Technology (ONCHIT) and Institute of Medicine (IOM)

Nursing forces of healthcare informatics

National Center for Nursing Research, National Informatics Agenda for Education and Practice, American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), ANA, Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN), Nursing shortage, and Technology Informatics Guiding Educational Reform (TIGER)

Other forces of healthcare informatics

patient safety and costs

What was the first computerized info management task?

numeric manipulation

Early healthcare informatics systems

Patient Oriented Medical Info System (PROMIS), Help Evaluation through Logical Procession (HELP)

System progression in healthcare informatics

it was initially process oriented, now it's data oriented; we now use aggregated data

Benefits of Healthcare Informatics

-improve patient outcomes (aggregated data)

-buried data now usable

-improved comm. among healthcare providers

-easy, quick storage, and retrieval of healthcare records

-saving of time and money

-enhances practice and allows clinical science to develop

-improves documentation

-uses data for quality control and research

-builds evidence based knowledge

True or false: health informatics today is process oriented.

false, data oriented

Evidence based knowledge

we use info in how we treat patients on a daily basis

Beginner level of informatics

basic info management and computer technology skills

Experienced practitioner level of informatics

skilled at using info management and computer technology to support major area of practice

Informatics specialist level of informatics

able to meet info needs of practitioners by integrating and applying info, computer, and the science of their discipline

Informatics innovator level of informatics

conducts informatics research and generates informatics theory

Computer fluency

have adequate foundational skill that enable you to learn new computer skills and programs independently, graphical interfaces (GUI, all softwares are the same within a network), and application programs

Information literacy

ability to know when information is needed and how to locate, evaluate, and use it effectively; critical thinking and problem solving; and part of foundation for evidence based practice

Which would a nurse identify as a benefit of informatics to nursing?

easier retrieval of healthcare information

Operating system for most PCs

micrsoft windows

Operating system for Apple computers

Apple Macintosh

Operating system for PDAs or handhealds

Windows CE

Cloud computing

the ability to access software and file storage on remote computers using the internet

Cloud office apps

Microsoft OneDrive, Google Drive, and Apple iCloud

Advantages of cloud computing

backup of documents, ability to share and edit

Disadvantages of cloud computing

no control over cloud site, target for cyber attacks, and concerns about information safety

Open source

software code available, with the idea that programmers will make improvements to code that everyone will benefit from

Shareware

share with friends to try out, but must pay fee after trial period

Freeware

closed source, with some restricted usage rights

Public domain

software to be used with no copyright restrictions

Commercial software

proprietary software with copyright protection for which you must purchase a license to use. generally comes with a code or a serial number

It is illegal to install software without a _______.

license

Most problems with software piracy are from countries ________.

outside of the western world

The Software Copyright Protection bill raised software piracy to a ______.

felony, penalties include fines and jail

File extension

instructs the computer which program to use to open the file

Save as

allows saving under a different filename, as well as extension

Clipboard

for storing cut or copied items

Disk and data encryption

to ensure file security

pro: thieves won't be able to read

con: if you forget the password you can't read it either

Sleep and hibernate modes

saves energy, computer isn't fully off, allows you to pick up where you left off after entering a password

True or false: most early PCs used a Windows operating system.

false, they used DOS

True or false: cloud computing requires access to the internet.

true

True or false: only public domain software is copyrighted.

false, all but public domain software is copyrighted

Hardware

the physical components of the computer

Software

drives the hardware

Digital native

born in the age of technology

Digital immigrant

people who have adopted and learned digital technologies later in life

Reboot/warm boot/cold boot

loading the software that starts the computer

Compatibility

whether software designed for a particular version of hardware or OS will work with newer or older versions

Driver

a software program that manages the flow of data between a computer and a device

Logical structure

a view of info as it may be visualized

Physical structure

how info is physically stored in a computer

Object

anything a computer can manipulate, they can be nested

Supercomputer

powerful, used for intensive math computations (weather forcasting)

Mainframes

large computers, serving many users at the same time, using a concept known as time slicing

Servers

provides a particular service, can be either a mainframe or a personal computer

Thin clients

computer with no hard drive and limited software, often just providing a GUI

PCs

microprocessor, desktop, tower, laptop, tablet

Nickel cadmium and nickel metal hydride batteries

heavy, must be occasionally fully discharged to avoid decreasing usage time, lose 15% of charge within 24 hours, even if not used (self discharge)

Lithium ion batteries

life span is 3 years, don't require frequent full charges, must have a protection circuit to shut off power when fully charged, to avoid overheating

Motherboard

main circuit board, connecting all components

CPU

central processing unit aka microprocessor, it's the heart and brains of the computer

Processor speed

aka clock speed, how often a pulse of electricity cycles through the circuits in a given time period. measured in hertz, which is one cycle per second. 1 gigahertz = 1 billion hertz, either 32 bit or 64 bit

Bus

transfers data between computer components

Cards

inserted into slots in the motherboard, they hand different hardware components

Bluetooth

wireless connection of a device within a personal area network

Bit

stores the most atomic piece of info, either 0 or 1. If a switch is "on" that logically represents a 1. if a switch is "off" that logically represents a 0

Binary

base 2, a numeric system used by computers, where the only digits are 0 and 1

What other numeric computer systems are there?

octal and hexadecimal

Byte

the combination of 8 bits, used to represent a letter, number, or other character

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

the standard that defines every character on a keyboard as a distinct set of 8 bits

Memory

can be either volatile (lost when the power is turned off) or nonvolatile (retains info when power is down)

Random Access Memory (RAM)

volatile, primary memory of the computer, very fast, used to store data temporarily before it's stored to a hard drive, more RAM generally results in applications running faster

Read Only Memory (ROM)

only read by a computer, used to store program that boots the computer up. basic input/output system (BIOS) is found in ROM

Cache

high speed storage, used for rapid access to frequently stored data

Secondary memory

aka permanent, provides permanent storage, user choose whether to retain or delete info

Devices that have secondary memory

internal hard drive, external hard drive, flash drive, optical disks

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

traditional, spinning magnetic storage device, lengthy boot up time

Solid State Disk (SDD)

interconnected flash memory chips which retain data without power, more or less instantaneous boot up time

External hard drive

used for backup, connect via USB port

Flash drive

flash memory device that plugs into USB port, contains both driver and disk (so you need to be careful not to unplug during input and output)

Optical disk

data recorded by light waves, traditionally used for storing large amounts of data (although now replaced by flash drives and cloud storage), CDs, DVDs, Blue Ray Disk, each can be read only, or read/write

How do you permanently destroy data on disks?

reformatting a disk only deleted the headings on a disk, not the data. HIPPA requires disk wiping software and/or physically destroying the drive