EHST 2110 EXAM 3 STUDY SET

Which of the following greenhouse gases is the most abundant in the atmosphere?

Carbon dioxide

_______ is one of the most potent anthropogenically sourced greenhouse gases.

Halocarbons

_______ is a greenhouse gas that has increased since the 18th century, but contributes little to global warming.

Nitrous oxide

Which of the following gases is most abundant in the atmosphere?

Nitrogen

Which of the following gases are most biologically available?

• Oxygen

• Carbon dioxide

Which of the following are potential impacts from climate change? Select all that apply.

• Food scarcity

• Increased frequency and intensity of storms

• Freshwater scarcity

__________ programs require setting a maximum allowable emission standard and allows for polluters to sell allowances to other polluters.

Cap and trade

This mitigation strategy incentivizes consumers to seek alternative sources of energy because production of energy from carbon-based fuels is taxed.

Carbon tax

____________ is a mitigation strategy that attempts to remove carbon dioxide emissions before they are released to the atmosphere from coal-burning plants.

Carbon capture and sequestration

___________ attempts to cool the Earth by blocking out sunlight.

Geoengineering

Which of the following are mitigation strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

All options are correct:

• Energy efficiency

• Carbon capture or control

• Clean, renewable, non-carbon-based energy sources

Examples of ______________ include replacing old appliances with Energy Star appliances or weatherizing old homes.

energy efficiency

_____________ is the fastest growing alternative energy system.

Wind

Which of the following is NOT a concern associated with concentrated solar power?

Urban centers located far from best sites for solar

_____________ is an alternative energy source generated by allowing water to penetrate fractures in rocks deep in the Earth. It is highly effective at heating.

Geothermal

Which of the following alternative power sources could be viable for use in North Carolina?

All options are correct:

• Methane capture from swine farms/landfills

• Ocean currents

• Tidal and wave power

What international treaty was signed by many developed nations that banned use of ozone-depleting chemicals?

Montreal Protocol

What two countries emit the most greenhouse gases globally?

• United States

• China

All of the following are potential concerns with wind energy except ________.

Not as clean as other renewable options

What is the greatest source of carbon dioxide?

Combustion of fossil fuels

Which criteria air pollutant is a main constituent of a group of chemical compounds known as photochemical oxidants, and is a pungent, colorless gas that irritates the respiratory system and reduces lung capacity?

Ozone

Where in a home are radon concentrations likely to be highest?

Basements

The average pH of rainfall east of the Mississippi River is _____________.

4.4

What is the action level for radon gas?

4 pCi/L

Which criteria air pollutant is high in atmosphere above cities because of automobiles?

Carbon monoxide

Acute toxicity

One time exposure can cause harm

Chronic toxicity

Repeated low-doses eventually causes harm

LD50

The amount of a chemical required to kill 50% of a population within 14 days

_________ in gasoline is a major reason why lead exposure in the US has decreased substantially over the past 30 years.

Prohibition of lead in gasoline

________ is the painful treatment that is prescribed for people with elevated blood-lead concentrations.

Chelation

All toxins are poisonous, but not all poisons are toxic.

False

_______ cause illness or death at very low doses.

Poisons

_______ are chemicals that provoke an adverse systemic effect to a living organism.

Toxicants

Which of the four steps in hazard risk assessment involves determination of the highest level of exposure that will result in no adverse effects?

Dose-response assessment

Which of the following is not a step in Health Risk Assessment?

Safe margin determination

What are the common routes of exposure of toxic substances? Select all that are correct.

• Oral

• Dermal

• Respiratory

How do PCBs enter the environment? Select all that apply.

• Spills

• Incineration of materials containing PCBs

• Vaporization from paints

• PCB wastes from factories

• Vaporization from landfills

Which of the following diseases is most closely associated with asbestos exposure?

Asbestosis

Asbestos abatement plans generally remove asbestos containing materials (ACMs) or _____ areas with exposed ACMs.

repair

Which type of mercury exposure is more dangerous to public health?

Organic mercury

_______ are buffer zones between the highest level of exposure safe for humans and legal exposure limit.

Margins of safety

PCBs are persistent in the environment and can bioaccumulate in food webs, both of these characteristics explain why they are remain an environmental issue today decades after production ceased.

True

In 1982, EPA issued which rule to public and private schools that addressed asbestos in public buildings?

"Asbestos-in-Schools"

________ is a byproduct of herbicide with no industrial uses. It is linked to chloracne, muscle aches, nervous system disorders, digestive upsets, and some psychiatric effects in humans.

Dioxin

The City of ________ was, and still is, heavily criticized for their mismanagement of ______ in drinking waters from 2014 - 2015.

Flint, MI; lead