Institutes and Housing

Residential and Institutional Environ

In the APHA method of measuring housing quality, which of the following would be considered a MINOR deficiency if found inadequate?

Central heating (Max score 3)

Water supply located outside of living unit (25)

Lack of windows to the outside (30)

Minimum of 2 exists in case of fire (30)

Central heating

A minimum of ____ of sleeping area per person is required in the APHA appraisal method

40ft squared

In the APHA-PHS Recommended Housing Maintenance and Occupancy Ordinance, the responsibility of storing and disposing of all rubbish is assigned to the

Owner and occupant jointly

The ASHRAE recommended minimal thermal standard for dwellings is _____ F at 40% humidity and an air circulation rate of 45 fpm

76 F

Minimum APHA/PHS standards for housing include

Running water piped in

In unsewered areas, the responsibility for water and sewer for new subdivisions is assigned to the

Developer

Cross-connection controls include air gaps, backflow preventers, vacuum breakers and

indirect waste piping

The end of a waste pipe should terminate at least ___ above the rim of a sink or receptacle directly connected to the drainage system

2 inches

The drain line of an ice machine should connect to the sewer system through

an open receptacle with and air gap

The distance between (air gap) the end of the water supply pipe and the sink should be ___ times the diameter of the supply pipe

2 times

Excessive condensation, corrosion, and mildew occur when the relative humidity exceeds

60% or higher (EPA recommends a relative humidity of 30-50% for homes)

Vent gases combined with high moisture inside a chimney will form

Sulfuric acid

(masonry chimney will absorb a lot of the heat given off of the vent gases, causing the temp in the chimney to fall below dew point)

Nosocomial infections are a reoccurring problem in

Hospitals

Minimum wash water temperature in a hospital laundry is

160-167 F for 25 min

Salvato recommends at least one water closet for each ___ beds in a hospital or nursing home

8

The housing code, regardless of who promulgates it, is

a complex environmental health code requiring the involvement of environmental health scientists and sanitarians

Lead levels exceed 10ug/dL in US children aged 6 and under in 1990

3,000,000

Utilization of ___ will save the agency time and expense through the avoidance of extensive court time and demonstrate that the agency uses legal action only as a measure of last resort

Informal and formal hearings

In children, blood lead levels (BLLs) more than _____ are associated with decreased intellectual performance and other adverse health events

5 ug/dL

All of the following are characteristics of an ideal shielding material for lead paint surfaces EXCEPT

vermin-proof

low cost

high density and mass

non-toxic

except: high density and mass

Most urban dwellings spend what percent of their total time indoors

80-90%

Which of the following is the primary cause of indoor air quality problems \

Inadequate ventilation

contaminated outside air

radon

ragweed

Inadequate ventilation

CDC advocates a multitiered approach for environmental management of lead threats. This approach has which the following steps:

investigation and reduction of hazards

near universal screening

identification and remediation of hazards

All of the above

All of the above:

investigation and reduction of hazards

near universal screening

identification and remediation of hazards

Radon detected in a home through the use of

alpha counters (Radon emits alpha particles. Adheres to dust particles, which are then inhaled)

The major potential entry sources of radon are

cracks in concrete floors, floor drains, and drainage sumps.

(comes from the ground up from natural decay in the soil)

Radon CANNOT be reduced with which of the following devices:

Humidifier

Electrostatic precipitators

Ionizers

All of the above

All of the above:

Humidifier

Electrostatic precipitators

Ionizers

The best control of formaldehyde air pollution in the home is

avoidance of the use of formaldehyde containing products, the coating and dealing of materials containing formaldehyde, and increasing the amount of outside aire

Short-term exposure for formaldehyde levels above ____ can cause serious health or life threatening reactions

50-100 ppm

Exposure to formaldehyde can cause

irritation to the respiratory passages, contact dermatitis, and disturbed sleep

If radon is a problem in your area the following locations would be rooms of higher risk;

basements

Office space should provide at least ____ per min per occupant of clean outside air at minimum where smoking is not prohibited

20 ft cubed

To prevent chimney backdrafts, the chimney must be constructed ____ inches above the highest point of the rood at a minimum

24 inches / 2 ft

The high moisture content of vent gases create

(sulfuric) acids which eat away at the mortar in the chimney

most mobile homes are

occupied by the owners (86%)

Mobile homes have been in general production since

1957

The reasons for nosocomial infections in hospitals and nursing homes are

older patients with chronic diseases, increased numbers of high risk patients, and invasive procedures

Which of the following are NOT typically members of the infection control committee?

Hospital CEO

Environmental control officer

Infectious control nurse

Physician rep

Hospital CEO

Which of the following are the most frequent disease transmission routes in child day care centers?

Respiratory

Fecal oral route

intimate contact

All of the above

All of the above

Individuals assigned to regulatory programs should be

exceptionally qualified by both training and experience, and have achieved appropriate certifications

A biohazard is

a material of biological composition, especially if infective, that constitutes a threat to man or his environment

The control of bloodborne pathogens is regulated by

OSHA

Muerto Canyon virus (MCV) is a Hantavirus mainly carried by

Deer mice

The Muerto Canyon virus causes disease of the ______ in humans

lungs

The incidence of tuberculosis in English laboratory workers working with M. tuberculosis was reported to be ____ higher than for the general population

5 times higher

Universal precautions refer to

an infection control measure in which all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as infectious

The biosafety containment level suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment is

biosafety level 2

The term containment is used in describing

safe methods for managing infectious agents in the lab

Biological safety equipment includes

biosafety cabinets and personal protective equipment

The four biosafety containment levels consist of a combination of

Laboratory practices, safety equipment, and facilities

The protection of personnel and the immediate laboratory environment from exposure to infectious agents by good microbiological technique and safety equipment is called

PRIMARY containment

Campylobacter (C. jejuni/C. coli, C. futus subsp. fetus) may be safely used in the laboratory as a minimum at

biosafety level 2 (containment equipment and facilities recommended)

The release of genetically engineered materials to the environment is regulated by

USDA and EPA

The Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988 required _____ to establish a two year demonstration program for tracking medical waste in selected states

EPA

Those laboratory activities that may result in personnel exposure to aerosols may result in

Increased containment

A class II biological safety cabinet (BSC) is designed to protect

the work being done in the BSC, personnel using the BSC, and the environment

Biological safety cabinets should be performance tested every

1 year

A national performance standard has been developed by the

National Sanitation Foundation

The development and maintenance of an exposure control plan is one requirement of

OSHA’s bloodborne pathogens regulations

A clean bench should be considered for use

only when there is no possible risk to personnel

Perhaps the most important feature in implementing programs in biosafety is

working with the client in a consultive mode

The implementation of a biosafety program begins with

An assessment of risk

Herpesvirus simia (B-virus) is naturally occurring in certain species of monkeys, namely the macaque. The highest risk of humans acquiring the virus is from

The bite of a macaque

Laboratories working with infectious agents have been shown to

Represent no threat to the community

The appointment and maintenance of an Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) is one of the requirements of

NIH