Honor Chemistry Unit 4: Ultimate Periodic Trends

Properties

Chemists use the ____ of elements to sort them into groups.

group, period, atomic number

The periodic table organizes the elects into vertical ___ and horizontal ___ in order of increasing ___.

group

The table is constructed so that elements that have similar chemical properties are in the same ____.

metal

____have a high luster, or sheen, when cut.

gases

Most nonmetals are ___ at room temperature.

metalloids

Elements with properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals are called___.

less, more

Across the periodic table, the properties of elements become ___ metallic and ___ nonmetallic.

What are three properties of metal?

Malleable, meltable, good conductors of electricity,

names, atoms

The periodic table displays the symbol and ___ the elements along with information about the structure of their___.

Metals in group 1A are called?

Alkali Metals

Metal in Group 2A are called?

Alkali earth metals

Elements in group 1A through 5A are called?

Representative metal

Elements in group 7A are called?

Halogens

Elements in group 8A are called?

Noble gases

Between groups 3-12 (D-block) what are the metals called?

Transition metal

In what type of orbital are the actinide and lanthanide valence electrons found?

f orbital

What is the heaviest noble gas?

oganesson

What is the heaviest alkaline earth metal?

francium

As you move across a period, ionization energy ___ and atomic radius____.

Increases, decreases

Atoms and ions are ____ when they are isoelectronic with noble gases.

stable

The main reason for Ionization energy decreasing down a group is?

Atomic radius increases

The mian reason for Ionization energy to increase acoss a period is?

Atomic radius decreases

The main reason for Radius decreasing across a period is?

The attractive force of the nucleus increases

The main reason for atomic radius to increase down a group is?

Principal quantum numbers increase

Why are cations smaller than their parent atom?

because they loose electrons.

Why are anions larger than their parent atom?

Because they gain electrons.

What is the charge of common ions formed by the halogens?

-1

What is the charge of common ions formed by the alkali metals?

+1

What is electron affinity?

The energy released when atoms attract addition electrons.

What is ionization energy?

The energy required to remove valence electrons from an atom.

Why do elements in the same family have similar properties?

They have the same numbers of valence electrons.

What family has the greatest negative electron affinity?

halogens

Why do you think it is difficult to determine electron affinities for metal?

Metals usually lose electrons rather than gain electrons.

What is periodic law?

When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a trend on their periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.

What is oxidation number?

charge