amount of substance

Define Relative Molecular Mass

Average mass of the naturally occurring isotopes of a compound, compared to ¹/₁₂ mass of an atom of carbon-12 (C¹²)

Define Relative Atomic Mass

Average mass of the naturally occurring isotopes of an atom, compared to ¹/₁₂ mass of an atom of carbon-12 (C¹²)

Define the Avogadro constant

Number of particles/atoms/ions in one mole of a substance

Write the equation that links mass of 1 mol, mass of 1 atom and Avogadro constant

Mass of 1 mol = mass of 1 atom/molecule X Avogadro constant

Define percentage yield.

The % of a product produced by a reaction, compared to a theoretical maximum

How would you calculate percentage yield?

Mass of useful product ÷ expected mass of useful product

What can the percentage yield of a practical be used to investigate?

Efficiency of practical techniques and whether reactions proceed as estimated

Define atom economy.

% of amount of reactants made into a certain (useful) product

How would you calculate atom economy?

Mr of atoms of useful product ÷ Mr of atoms of reactants

What can the atom economy of a reaction be used to investigate?

Efficiency of using a specific reaction to produce a product

Write the Ideal Gas Equation (in symbols and in words, with units for each thing)

PV = nRT

Pressure × volume = number of moles × gas constant × temperature Pressure in Pa, volume in m³, temperature in K, R=8.31

What are standard conditions?

25°C/298K 1atm/100kPa

How do you convert between K and C temperatures?

°C to K + 273

K to °C - 273

What is the equation that links mols, concentration and volume?

Moles = concentration × volume

What is the equation that links moles, mass and Mr?

Moles = mass / Mr

Define empirical formula

simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound