advanced math unit 8: intro to stats

statistics

the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data in order to draw conclusions or make predictions

descriptive statistics

the branch of statistics that involves the organization, summarization, and the display of data describing a sample or population

inferential statistics

the branch of statistics that involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population

data

information obtained through observations, counts, measurements, or responses to questions

raw data

data collected and unorganized

dataset

organization of all data collected for a particular study

case

each individual person, item, or unit being study

variable

any item of data that varies or changes from one case to another

attribute

potential outcomes or answers from a statistical study

population

collection of all cases that are of interest

sample

a subset of a population

nominal data

• categorized by name, label, or quantity only

• qualitative

ordinal data

• data that can be ranked or ordered, but differences between data entries are not meaningful

• qualitative or quantitative

interval/ratio data

• data that can be ordered and you can calculate meaningful differences

• quantitative

operationalization

the choice of variable attributes; how you measure a variable

frequency distribution

shows the number of times with which data occurs for each of the variable’s possible attributes

relative frequency

the portion of the data that falls within a category of the variable; the percent of all cases that answered with a given attribute

cumulative frequency

the percent of a sample that scored at or below a given category or class

proportion

part over whole, but as a decimal from 0 to 1