Ploidy-Transgenics

Ploidy

Variation in chromosome number within an organism.

Haploid

A cell or organism with one complete set of chromosomes.

Diploid

A cell or organism with two complete sets of chromosomes.

Triploid

A cell or organism with three complete sets of chromosomes.

Tetraploid

A cell or organism with four complete sets of chromosomes.

Polyploid

An organism with more than two sets of chromosomes.

Euploid

An organism or cell with complete sets of chromosomes.

Aneuploid

An organism or cell with missing or extra chromosomes.

Aneuploidy

The loss or gain of one or more chromosomes.

Monoploid

An organism or cell that has only one set of chromosomes.

Whole genome duplication

A process that results in organisms with different ploidies, driving evolution.

Autopolyploid

Polyploidy arising from the same species.

Allopolyploid

Polyploidy resulting from hybridization between different species.

Transgenic organism

An organism that contains a transgene from another individual.

Gene therapy

A technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development.

CRISPR/Cas9

A technology for editing genes, used to create mutations.

Transgene

A gene that has been transferred from one organism to another.

Microarray

A technology used to detect the expression of many genes at once.

In situ hybridization

A technique used to detect specific nucleic acid sequences in fixed tissues.

Gene targeting

A method used to introduce a specific modification in a gene.

Pharming

Use of transgenic organisms to produce human pharmaceuticals.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer

A cloning technique where the nucleus of a somatic cell is inserted into an egg cell.

Genomic library

A collection of cloned DNA fragments that represents an organism's entire genome.

Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)

A vector used to clone DNA fragments in bacteria.

Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)

A vector used to clone DNA fragments in yeast.

Restriction enzyme

An enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sequences.

Transgenic model

An organism that has been genetically altered for experimental purposes.