Chapter 4 Class Notes: Anxiety, Trauma & Stress Related Disorders

These flashcards cover the key concepts and terms related to Anxiety, Trauma, and Stress Related Disorders as outlined in the lecture notes.

What are the characteristics of anxiety disorders?

Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive and uncontrollable anxiety that leads to avoiding behaviors and creates clinically significant distress.

What is a panic attack, and how long does it typically last?

A panic attack is an intense experience of fear or discomfort that typically lasts for about 10 minutes.

List two types of panic attacks.

Expected panic attacks occur in known problematic situations, while unexpected panic attacks arise without a clear cause.

What are the DSM-5 criteria for a panic attack?

A panic attack requires 4 or more symptoms including trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, fear of losing control, and derealization.

What biological factors contribute to anxiety disorders?

Biological factors include genetic vulnerability, lower levels of GABA, elevated norepinephrine, and deficits in serotonin.

What psychological causes can lead to anxiety?

Psychological causes include learned experiences, heightened sensitivity, and stressful life events that trigger vulnerabilities.

What is the triple vulnerability model in anxiety disorders?

The triple vulnerability model includes biological vulnerability, specific psychological vulnerability, and low self-esteem.

Define Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).

GAD is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable anxiety and worry across multiple areas of life persisting for 6 or more months.

What are the DSM-5 criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

The criteria include excessive anxiety and worry, difficulty controlling worry, and at least 3 associated symptoms such as restlessness, fatigue, and sleep disturbances.

What is a common treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Common treatments include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to change beliefs, medication like SSRIs or benzodiazepines, and lifestyle changes.

What distinguishes Panic Disorder from a single panic attack?

Panic Disorder is characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks and persistent worry about having more attacks or their consequences.

What is the consequence of panic attacks in terms of behavior?

People may develop agoraphobia or significant maladaptive changes in behavior due to fear of future panic attacks.