Chapter 24 - Domestic Policy Debate

Income tax

________- Make up for lost revenue.

Election of 1912

Split votes w/ Roosevelt

1910

Roosevelt

1912

Woodrow Wilson

Pinchot accused Ballinger

Allow corporations to abuse land

1902

Nominated to Supreme Court

1916

Nominated to Supreme Court

1908

Israel Zangwill

1895

Booker T. Washington

1881

Booker T. Washington

1913

Lowered customs duties

Income tax

Make up for lost revenue

1914

Trustbusting

1913

Federal Reserve

Election of 1912

Progressive Reform candidates

Progressive Reform

Greater govt involvement

Wilson administration

New taxation + regulation + banking systems

William Howard Taft

The 27th president of the United States and the tenth chief justice of the United States, the only person to have held both offices

Election of 1912

Democratic Governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey defeated Republican President William Howard Taft and former president and Progressive Party nominee Theodore Roosevelt

New Nationalism

Theodore Roosevelt's program in his campaign for the presidency; called for a national approach to the country's affairs and a strong president to deal with them

Woodrow Wilson

An American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921

New Freedom

Political ideology of Woodrow Wilson, enunciated during his successful 1912 presidential campaign, pledging to restore unfettered opportunity for individual action and to employ the power of government in behalf of social justice for all

Old Guard

A faction that is unwilling to accept new ideas

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair

Colliers magazine accused Secretary of the Interior Richard Ballinger of shady dealings in Alaskan coal lands

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.

An American jurist and legal scholar who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1902 to 1932

Louis Brandeis

An American lawyer and associate justice on the Supreme Court of the United States from 1916 to 1939

"Bull Moose" Progressive Party

A third party in the United States formed in 1912 by former president Theodore Roosevelt after he lost the presidential nomination of the Republican Party to his former protégé rival, incumbent president William Howard Taft

New Immigration

Came largely from southern and eastern Europe; largely Catholic and Jewish in religion, the new immigrants came from the Balkans, Italy, Poland, and Russia

The Melting Pot

A metaphor describing a fusion of nationalities, cultures and ethnicities

Booker T. Washington

A dominant leader in the African-American community and of the contemporary black elite

WEB Du Bois

An American sociologist, socialist, historian and Pan-Africanist civil rights activist

Tuskegee Institute

A private, historically black land-grant university in Tuskegee, Alabama

Plessy v. Ferguson

A landmark 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine

Nineteenth Amendment

An amendment to the Constitution of the United States adopted in 1920; guarantees that no state can deny the right to vote on the basis of sex

Underwood Tariff

Reduced average rates from 40 percent to 25 percent, greatly enlarged the free list, and included a modest income tax

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

A piece of legislation, passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into law in 1914, that defines unethical business practices, such as price fixing and monopolies, and upholds various rights of labor

Federal Reserve Act

Implemented to establish economic stability in the U.S. by introducing a central bank to oversee monetary policy