FINALS-FLUOROSCOPY- INTRO

Fluoroscopy

is a dynamic radiographic examination, compared to diagnostic radiography, which is static in character.

Diagnostic Radiography,

It is static in character.

active

Fluoroscopy involves _________ diagnosis during an examination.

primarily the domain of the radiologist

Fluoroscopy involves active diagnosis during an examination. • For this reason, fluoroscopy is?

Thomas A. Edison

The invention of the fluoroscope is credited to?

1896

When was Fluoroscopy invented?

TRUE

• However, technically speaking, Röntgen discovered x-rays fluoroscopically when he noticed their ability to demonstrate skeletal anatomy as he brought a lead disc into the beam and observed the dynamic movement of his own fingers projected onto a fluorescent screen. Thus, fluoroscopic procedures have been a part of diagnostic radiography since its inception.

Digital fluoroscopy

It is currently most commonly configured as a conventional fluoroscopy system.

analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

The analog video signal is converted to a digital format with an?

x-ray tube

Source of x-ray beam

Image Intensifier

Captures the x-ray beams and converts them into an image that is displayed on the display monitor

Collimator

Contains various apertures that determines the size and shape of the x-ray beam

Display Monitor

Displays the xray

charge-coupled device (CCD)

A major change from conventional fluoroscopy to DF is the use of a?

layer of crystalline silicon

The sensitive component of a CCD is a?

fiber optics

• The CCD is mounted on the output phosphor of the image-intensifier tube and is coupled through?

greater sensitivity to light

The CCD has ? a lower level of electronic noise than a television camera tube.

very stable

The response of the CCD to light is

TRUE

Warm up of the CCD is not required.

wider dynamic range and better contrast resolution

DF with CCD results in? than conventional fluoroscopy.

• Speed of image acquisition

• and post-processing to enhance image contrast

What are some of the advantages of digital fluoroscopy over conventional fluoroscopy?

FLAT PANEL IMAGE RECEPTOR (FPIR)

The further improvement of DF imaging is developing the?

cesium iodide (Csl)/amorphous silicon (aSi) pixels.

FLAT PANEL IMAGE RECEPTOR is composed of?

smaller and lighter

The FPIR is much? and is manipulated more easily than an image intensifier.

TRUE

Flat-panel detectors are more sensitive and faster than film.

allows a lower dose of radiation

Flat-panel detectors are more sensitive and faster than film. Their sensitivity? for a given picture quality than film.

FPIRS

As tubes were replaced by CCD, now, CCD will be by ?

• It is smaller, lighter and manipulated more easily.

• It provides easy manipulation of patient, radiologist/radiographer.

• No cassette is required!

CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICE (CCD)

is a metal oxide semiconductor chip sensor that transports electrically charged signals. It generally has an array of cells to capture a light image via the photoelectric effect.

Flat panel display technology

• is rapidly replacing the cathode ray tube (CRT) in all applications

Flat panel monitors

• easier to view and easier to manipulate, and they provide better images

Image subtraction technique

Principal advantage of DF is?

Image subtraction technique

• It is an enhanced visualization of vasculature as a results from venous injection of contrast material.

Image contrast

It is improved by subtraction techniques allowing to view subtracted image during passage of abolus of contrast medium.

an image intensifier-video camera system versus a digital imaging chain

Conventional & Digital Fluoroscopy differ primarily in the imaging system, that is?which may have neither an image intensifier nor video camera.