REL Synoptic Gospel test

Second coming (parousia)

Jesus’s return Mark 13

eschatology

the theological study of the end times, final judgment, and ultimate destiny of humanity and the cosmos

Sanhedrin (Great Council of Judaism)

The highest council of the jew at Jerusalem, this group included the leading priests as well as lay scribes who interpreted the Torah

Parable

a simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson, as told by Jesus in the Gospels.

Only in Luke: the Good Samaritan, the Prodigal Son, and the Rich Man and Lazarus

Only in Matthew: the Weeds and Wheat, Hidden Treasure, Pearl of Great Price, Unmerciful Servant, Laborers in the Vineyard, Two Sons, Ten Virgins, Talents, and Sheep and Goats

Only in Mark: Parable of the Growing Seed

In all: the Sower, the Mustard Seed, the Wicked Tenants, and the Lamp under a bowl

Messianic Secret

Wrede, Jesus mostly tells people not to say who he is

Passion

equals suffering and death/ the final period of Jesus Christ's life, encompassing his intense suffering, betrayal, crucifixion, and death

longer and shorter endings

Mark had a shorter ending while Luke and Matthew had longer endings

ekklesia

"assembly" or "called-out ones,

Q

Saying source that is shared by Matthew and Luke but not Mark

M

Narratives that are specific to Matthew

L

Narratives that are specific to Luke

didactic

teaching/ relates to Matthew

Sermon on the mount

The proper motivation for the disciples good works is to glorify God (your Father in heaven)

1st of 5 sayings that block Matthews gospel

M and Q source combinations

Begins with the Beatitudes

Beatitudes

Matthew 5 says “blessed”, while Luke uses “woe” material

Magi

Only in Matthew, the three astrologers that went to visit Jesus with gold, frankincense, and myrrh when he was a child

Great Commission

In Matthew: Jesus Christ's final command to his disciples—and all believers—to spread the gospel, make disciples of all nations, baptize them, and teach them to obey his commands.

Elizabeth and Zechariah

Only in Luke: the parents of John the baptist, Zechariah was a priest

Simeon and Anna

Only in Luke: both prophets who witness and give prophecy about Christ's birth and mission

Theophilus

the person to whom the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles are addressed, likely a high-ranking Roman official or influential patron who funded Luke's research

Travel narrative

Luke: focusing on Jesus' intentional journey toward Jerusalem, where he faces death and resurrection.

Matthew: the Magi's visit to Bethlehem, the holy family’s flight to Egypt to escape Herod, their return to Nazareth, and Jesus’s movement from Galilee to Jerusalem for his crucifixion

Mark: moves from Galilee toward Jerusalem, focusing on instructing his disciples about his impending suffering, death, and resurrection

Lesser and greater interpolation

Luke:

Lesser: Sermon on the plain and several stories from L

Greater: Travel Narrative, which dramatizes movement towards Jerusalem

divine reversal

lowly will be lifted, hungry will be fed, reversal of the status quo

Essenes

a separatist group who regarded the Jerusalem Temple and its leadership as corrupt they settled at Qumran near the Dead Sea

Pharisees

Primarily a lay group this group primarily formed by teachers of the people and interpreters of the Torah, which they considered to consist of both the written text and the oral tradition; they form the basis of the rabbinic tradition

Sadducees

an elite circle of priestly descent this group regarded only the five books of Moses, the written Torah as authoritative and rejected belief in the resurrection their center of power in the temple means they will not continue after its destruction in the first Jewish war

Zealot

receiving their name from the jewish historian josephus, this band of freedom fighters or insurrectionist leads the revolt of the First Jewish War

Farrar

This hypothesis argues for Markan priority (Mark is first), that Matthew used Mark and that Luke used both Matthew and Mark

Two-gospel

This hypothesis argues that Matthew is the first gospel, that Luke uses it as a source and that Mark uses both Matthew and Luke

Two Source

This hypothesis argues for Markan priority and that both Matthew and Luke use Mark and Q as well as their own distinctive traditions