Respiratory infections

Microbiology

Respiratory infection defenses

Mucociliary action and alveolar macrophages

Strep throat causes

Streptococcus pyogenes, immune system defenses, exotoxins

Strep throat symptoms

Red, sore throat, fever

Strep throat transmission

Respiratory droplets

Diphtheria causes

Corynebacterium diphtheriae, diphtheria toxin

Diphtheria symptoms

Mild sore throat/fever, swollen neck, pseudomembrane

Diphtheria transmission

Respiratory droplets (diphtheria)

Diphtheria treatment/prevention

Anti-toxoid, vaccine

Pneumococcal pneumonia causes

Streptococcus pneumonia, capsules, streptolysins, inflammation, fluid/WBC’s in lungs

Pneumococcal pneumonia symptoms

Cough, fever, chest pain, mucus

Klebsiella pneumonia causes

Capsules, abcess formation

Klebsiella pneumonia symptoms

Cough, fever, chest pain, bloody mucus

Klebsiella pneumonia transmission

Endogeneous or nosocomial

Walking pneumonia causes

Mycoplasma pneumonia, inflammation, damage to ciliary cells

Walking pneumonia symptoms

Gradual onset of cough, fever, chest pain, mucus

Walking pneumonia transmission

Respiratory droplets (walking)

Haemophilus influenzae

Seen in elderly patients, non-encapsulated

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Cystic fibrosis and ventilater-associated

Chlamydophila psittaci

Zoonotic

Staphylococcus aureus

Necrotizing pneumonia, nosocomial

Whooping cough cause

Bordetella pertussis and toxin

Whooping cough symptoms

Paroxysmal coughing

Whooping cough transmission

Respiratory droplets (whooping)

Tuberculosis cause

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, survive phagocytosis, abcess formatiom, latent infection

Tuberculosis symptoms

Airborne

Tuberculosis treatment

Antibiotics and vaccines

Legionnarie’s disease causes

Lagionella pneumophilia, survive phagocyotosis, inflammation and death of lung tissue

Legionnarie’s disease symptoms

Headache, muscle ache, fever, chills

Legionnarie’s disease transmission

Inhalation (water reservoirs)

Common cold causes

Rhinovirus, cell lysis and inflammation

Common cold symptoms

Mild sore throat, cough, runny nose

Common cold transmission

Direct contact and respiratory droplets

Common cold treatment

Hand-washing and hygiene

Flu causes

Influenza A virus, H and N protein spikes, damage ciliated epithelium

Flu symptoms

Headache, fever, muscle pain, cough

Flu transmission

Respiratory droplets (flu)

Flu treatments

Anti-virals and vaccines

Respiratory synctial virus

Serious infection in very young

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Sin nombre virus, high mortality (40%), associated with rodents

Histoplasmosis (fungal infection)

Spelunker’s disease (grow in bat droppings), histoplasma capsulatum, self-limiting to chronic disease (granulomatous)

Coccidiodomycosis

Valley fever OR coccidioides immitis, self-limiting lung infection, disseminated disease in the immunocompromised

Blastomycosis

Blastomyces dermatidis, soil fungus, dimorphic, disseminated disease in immunocompromised

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Pneumocystis jirovecii, AIDS patients