AP Human modules 27, 28, 29

delimited

Describing how boundaries are fixed or defined to identify their limits

demarcated

Describing how boundaries are set apart to distinguish their limits

relic boundary

A boundary that no longer functions as an international border

superimposed boundary

A boundary that is placed on an area without regard to existing boundaries

subsequent boundary

A political boundary that developed with the cultural landscape

antecedent boundary

A boundary that was identified before an area was settled

geometeric boundaries

A boundary that was identified before an area was settled

consequent boundary

A boundary that is drawn to accommodate existing cultural differences

Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)

An area in which treaties or agreements between nations, military powers, or contending groups forbid military installations, activities, or personnel usually lies along an established frontier or boundary between two or more military powers or alliances

buffer states

A politically and economically weak independent country that lies between the borders of two powers

satellite state

A politically and economically weak independent country that lies between the borders of two powers

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Conference organized to define territorial boundaries and rights to the sea

arctic circle

Area defined by the 66 degrees, 34 minutes north latitude line

electoral geography

Area defined by the 66 degrees, 34 minutes north latitude line

voting districts

A territorial division for casting votes in public elections; generally, only those who live in the voting district are permitted to cast their votes there

electoral college

A body of 538 electors in the United States; a majority of 270 electoral votes is required to elect the president; a state's number of electors equals the number of members in its congressional delegation

reapportionment

The process by which the 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives are divided proportionately by population among the 50 states following every U.S. census

redistricting

The process of drawing new boundaries for U.S. congressional districts to reflect the population changes since the previous U.S. census

gerrymandering

manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.

packing

Gerrymandering a voting district by concentrating all of the opposition party into one district, thereby creating a large majority of that party in the district while ensuring that it cannot win any election

cracking

Gerrymandering a voting district by dividing opposition votes into many districts, thus diluting the opposition's vote to ensure it does not form a majority in any district

neocolonialism

The set of economic and political strategies by which wealthy and powerful countries indirectly maintain or extend their influence over less wealthy areas

peripheral states

States that have relatively little industrial development, simple production systems focused mostly on agriculture and raw materials, and low levels of consumption of manufactured goods

core states

States that have relatively little industrial development, simple production systems focused mostly on agriculture and raw materials, and low levels of consumption of manufactured goods

shatterbelts

Region of continuing and persistent fragmentation due to devolution and centrifugal forces

choke point

A narrow passage that restricts traffic to another region

boundary

A clearly demarcated line that marks both the limits of a territory and divisions between territories; often called a border at the global scale

Median-line principle

A clearly demarcated line that marks both the limits of a territory and divisions between territories; often called a border at the global scale

borderline

A region straddling both sides of an international boundary where national cultures overlap and blend to varying degrees

frontier

A region at the margins of state control and settlement

enclave

A region at the margins of state control and settlement