YES

agoraphobia

excessive, irrational fear of open or public places

anxiety

an emotional state characterized by physiological arousal, unpleasant feelings of tension, and a sense of apprehension or foreboding

anxiety disorder

a class of psychological disorders characterized by excessive or maladaptive anxiety reactions

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

a psychological disorder characterized by the preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated physical defect in appearance

cognitive restructuring

a cognitive therapy method that involves replacing irrational thoughts with rational alternatives

compulsion

a repetitive or ritualistic behavior that the person feels compelled to perform

fear-stimulus hierarchy

an ordered series of increasingly fearful stimuli

flooding

a behavior therapy technique for overcoming fears by means of exposure to high levels of fear-inducing stimuli

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

a type of anxiety disorder characterized by general feelings of dread and foreboding and heightened states of bodily arousal

gradual exposure

In behavior therapy, a method of overcoming fears through a stepwise process of exposure to increasingly fearful stimuli in imagination or real-life situations

hoarding disorder

a psychological disorder characterized by strong needs to acquire and resistance to discarding large collections of seemingly useless of unneeded possessions

obsession

a recurring thought, image, or urge that the individual cannot control

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

a type of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both

panic disorder

a type of anxiety disorder characterized by repeated episodes of intense anxiety or panic

phobia

an excessive, irrational fear

social anxiety disorder

excessive fear of social interactions or situations. Also called social phobia

specific phobia

a phobia that is specific to a particular object or situations

systematic desensitization

a behavior therapy technique for overcoming phobias by means of exposure to progressively more fearful stimuli (in imagination or by viewing slides) while remaining deeply relaxed

two-factor model

A theoretical model that accounts for the development of phobic reactions on the basis of classical and operant conditioning.

Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT)

a form of exposure therapy involving the presentation of phobic stimuli in a virtual reality environment

acute stress disorder

a traumatic stress reaction occurring during the month following exposure to a traumatic event

adjustment disorder

a maladaptive reaction to an identified stressor, characterized by impaired functioning or emotional distress that exceeds what would normally be expected

alarm reaction

the first stage of GAS, characterized by heightened nervous system activity

emotion-focused coping

a coping style that involves reducing the impact of a stressor by ignoring or escaping it rather than dealing with it directly

endocrine system

the system of ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

exhaustion stage

the third stage of gas, characterized by lowered resistance, increased parasympathetic nervous system activity, and eventual physical deterioration

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
(EMDR)

a controversial form of therapy for PTSD that involves the client's eye tracking of a visual target while holding images of the traumatic experience in mind

fight-or-flight reaction

the inborn tendency to respond to a threat by either fighting or fleeing

general adaption syndrome (GAS)

the body's three-stage response to prolonged or intense stress, comprising the alarm reaction, the resistance stage, and the exhaustion stage

immune system

substances secreted by the endocrine glands that regulate body functions and promote growth and development

positive psychology

a growing contemporary movement within psychology that focuses on the positive attributes of human behavior

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

a prolonged maladaptive reaction to a traumatic event

problem-focused coping

a coping style that involves confronting a stressor directly

psychological hardiness

a cluster of stets-buffering traits characterized by commitment, challenge, and control

resistance stage

the second stage of GAS, involving the body's attempt to withstand prolonged stress and preserve resources

self-efficacy expectancies

beliefs in one's ability to cope with challenges and to accomplish particular tasks

stress

a demand made on an organism to adapt or adjust

stressor

a source of stress

biofeedback training (BFT)

a method of giving an individual information (feedback) about bodily functions so that the person can gain some degree of control over them

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

a disease or disorder of the cardiovascular system such as coronary heart disease or hypertension

conversion disorder

a somatoform disorder characterized by loss or impairment of physical function in the absence of any apparent organic cause

depersonalization

feelings of unreality or detachment from one's self or body

Dhat syndrome

a culture-bound disorder, found primarily among Asian Indian males, characterized by excessive fears over the loss of seminal fluid

dissociative amnesia

a dissociative disorder in which a person experiences memory loss without any identifiable organic cause

dissociative disorders

disorder characterized by disruption, or dissociation, of identity, memory, or consciousness

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

a dissociative disorder in which a person has two or more distinct or alter personalities

factitious disorder

a disorder characterized by intentional fabrication of psychological or physical symptoms for no apparent gain

hypochondiasis

a pattern of abnormal behavior characterized by misinterpretation of physical symptoms as signs of underlying serious disease, now classified as a form or either somatic symptom disorder or illness anxiety disorder

illness anxiety disorder

a somatic symptom disorder characterized by unruly high levels of anxiety or concerns about having a serious illness, even though physical symptoms are either absent of minor

koro syndrom

a culture-bound syndrome, found primarily in china, in which people fear that their genitals are shrinking and retracting into their bodies

malingering

faking illness to avoid work, duty, or responsibility

Münchausen syndrome

a type of factitious disorder characterized by the fabrication of medial symptoms

psychosomatic disorders

physical disorders in which psychological factors play a causal or contributing role

somatic symptom and related disorders

a category of psychological disorders characterized by. persistent emotional or behavioral problems relating to physical symptoms

somatic symptom disorder (SSD)

a psychological disorder characterized by excessive concerns about one's physical symptoms

Type A behavior patter (TABP)

a behavior pattern characterized by a sense of time urgency, competitiveness, and hostility

addiction

impaired control over the use of a chemical substance despite the harmful consequences it causes

alcoholism

alchohol addiction or dependence resulting in serious personal, social, occupational, or health problems

amphetamine psychosis

a psychotic state characterized by hallucination and delusions, induced by ingestion of amphetamines

amphetamines

a class of synthetic stimulants that activate the central nervous system, producing heightened states of arousal and feelings of pleasure

barbiturates

a sedative drug that are depressants with high addictive potential

depressant

a drug that lowers the level of activity of the central nervous system,

detoxification

the process of ridding the system of alcohol or other drugs under supervised conditions

endorphins

natural substances that function as neurotransmitters in the brain and are similar in their effect to opioids

gambling disorder

an addictive disorder characterized by a pattern of habitual gambling and impaired control over the behavior

hallucinogens

substances that cause hallucinations

heroin

a narcotic derived from morphine that has strong addictive properties

internet addiction disorder (IAD)

a type of non chemical addiction characterized by excessive or maladaptive use of the internet

marijuana

a hallucinogenic drug derived from the leaves and stems of the plants cannabis sativa

methadone

a synthetic opiate that does not produce a pleasurable high when used properly, but which can avert withdrawal symptoms in people with heroin addiction when they stop using heroin

morphine

a strongly addictive narcotic derived from opium poppy that relieves pain and induces feelings of well-being

naltrexone

a drug that block the high from alcohol as well as from opiates

narcotics

drugs that are used medically for pain relief but have strong addictive potential

physiological dependence

bodily changes resulting from regular use of a drug, as denoted by development of tolerance and/or a withdrawal syndrome

psychological dependence

compulsive use of a substance to meet a psychological need

stimulants

psychoactive substances that increase the activity of the central nervous system

substance-induced disorders

a category of substance-related disorders induced by using psychoactive substances

substance intoxication

a type of substance-induced disorder characterized by repeated episodes of intoxication

substance use disorders

substance-related disorders characterized by maladaptive use of psychoactive substances, leading to significant impairment of functioning or personal distress

substance withdrawal

a type of substance-induced disorder characterized by a cluster of symptoms following the sudden reduction or cessation of use of a psychoactive substance after physical dependence has developed

tolerance

physical habituation to a drug in which frequent use leads to higher doses being needed to achieve the same effects

withdrawal syndrome

a cluster of physical and psychological symptoms that arises following abrupt withdrawal from use of a psychoactive substance

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

a developmental disorder characterized by significant deficits in communication and social interaction as well as development of restricted or fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

childhood-onset fluency disorder

persistent stuttering, which is characterized by impaired fluency of speech

communication disorders

a class of psychological disorders characterized by difficulties in understanding or using language

neurodevelopment disorders

a category of mental disorders in the DSM-5 affecting children and adolescents and that involve impaired brain functioning or development

oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

a psychological disorder in childhood and adolescence characterized by excessive oppositionality or tendencies to refuse requests from parents and others

separation anxiety disorder

a childhood disorder characterized by extreme fear of separation from parents or other caretakers

social (pragmatic) communication disorder

a type of communication disorder characterized by difficulties communicating with others in social contexts

speech sound disorder

a type of communication disorder characterized by difficulties in articulating speech

reductionism

reducing a complex person and circumstance to a diagnostic category

race

categorization based an human genotype or phenotype characteristics (presentation)

Why do we consider ethnicity and culture?

1) each group has different definitions of abnormal behavior
2)the US is incredibly diverse and this effects research and treatment
3)the apa says its important

Ethnicity

shared heritage and identification based on upbringing and culture

racism

differential treatment based on the explicit ideology of superiority/inferiority on a race

stereotype threat

the anxiety/sensitivity that can come up in people with the pressure to prove certain stereotypes wrong or right. This effects the results

culture

aspects of the lived experiences of a group of people shaped by the experiences, values, choices, and shared meaning systems of an individual group

anxiety neuroses

psychoanalytical foundation of most early DSM neuroses that was spawned by Freud and mostly renames

fear

dread associated with danger from a specific stimulus object or threatening situation

anxiety

the same feelings associated with fear but without a clear stimulus of anticipation of future threat