Primate MC Questions

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50 Terms

1
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Which of the following is a key principle of Kleiber's Law in relation to primate metabolism?

Larger animals are more energy-efficient and require less energy per unit of body mass.

2
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What is the primary function of social behavior among primates?

To mediate cooperation among competitors for survival and reproduction.

3
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Which primate group is characterized by strict seasonal breeding, with some species breeding only once per year?

Lemurs

4
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What does the Resource Defense Hypothesis primarily suggest about female primates?

They are driven to group living to defend food resources collaboratively.

5
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How do larger primate species typically manage the need for large amounts of food?

By consuming more abundant but lower-quality foods like leaves.

6
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Which of the following is a behavioral specialization related to food acquisition in primates?

Dexterity and tool use

7
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What is the primary cost of group living among primates?

Increased competition for food

8
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Which metabolic principle explains why small primates require more energy per gram of body mass than large primates?

MSMR (Mass-Specific Metabolic Rate)

9
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What is a key characteristic of primate sociality?

All primates are social, but not all are gregarious.

10
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Which of the following best describes the Jarman-Bell Principle?

Larger animals can afford to eat low-quality, abundant foods.

11
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What principle underlies kin selection as a driver of cooperation among primates?

Altruistic behaviors increase when individuals share genes.

12
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Reciprocal altruism in primates is most likely to occur when

There is a high frequency of social interactions with memory and trust.

13
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Which of the following is a benefit of non-kin cooperation among primates?

Increased reproductive success

14
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What is the primary advantage of multilevel selection in primate social structures?

Balances selection at both individual and group levels.

15
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What role does grooming play in primate social structures?

Reinforces social bonds and alliances

16
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Which of the following is a key concept in understanding primate cooperation?

Reciprocal altruism

17
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How does multilevel selection benefit cooperative groups?

It allows cooperative groups to outperform selfish ones.

18
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What type of social bond is most likely to promote long-term cooperation?

Kin-based bond

19
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In primates, what typically drives male dispersal from natal groups?

Mate competition

20
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Which primate social system typically involves one female mating with multiple males?

Polyandry

21
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What is the primary adaptive function of infanticide in some male primates?

Increasing male reproductive opportunities

22
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What is a typical feature of fission-fusion societies?

Group members frequently splitting and rejoining

23
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Which behavior is commonly used by primates to reduce social tension?

Grooming

24
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What strategy do female primates often use to increase offspring survival?

Cooperative breeding

25
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In which scenario is reciprocal altruism most likely to evolve?

Long-term social relationships with repeated interactions

26
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Which reproductive strategy involves one male mating with multiple females?

Polygyny

27
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In primate societies, which behavior most commonly establishes social bonds?

Grooming

28
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What is the function of sacculated stomachs in primates?

Enhancing digestion of fibrous plant material

29
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What characteristic is typical of female philopatry in primates?

Females remain in their natal groups

30
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Which social structure is characterized by multiple males and females living together?

Multi-male/multi-female group

31
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Which primate is known for using tools to crack nuts?

Capuchins

32
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Which principle predicts that larger animals are more energy-efficient than smaller ones?

Kleiber’s Law

33
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What is a primary factor that influences primate dietary variation?

Body size

34
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Which dietary strategy involves consuming both animal prey and fruit?

Omnivory

35
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Which reproductive strategy results in high levels of male-male competition

Polygyny

36
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Which factor most significantly influences the frequency of coalition formation among primates?

Kinship

37
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What is a primary factor in the evolution of social intelligence in primates?

Navigating complex social relationships

38
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How do primates typically respond to the death of a close group member?

Increased grooming and social cohesion

39
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What is the evolutionary benefit of strong social bonds among female primates?

Enhanced offspring survival

40
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Which primate species is known for forming male alliances to control access to females?

Baboons

41
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What is the primary role of vocal communication in primates?

Strengthening social bonds

42
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What is the primary reason for conflict resolution mechanisms in primate societies?

Maintaining social cohesion

43
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What behavior is commonly observed in multi-male/multi-female primate groups?

High levels of competition among males

44
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Which of the following best describes scramble competition?

Indirect competition where resources are used up before others can access them

45
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What is the primary reason for cooperative hunting in some primates?

Enhanced capture efficiency

46
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Which reproductive strategy is most common in tamarins and marmosets?

Polyandry

47
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In which mating system do males compete intensely for access to a group of females?

One-male group

48
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Which type of competition is most likely to occur when resources are clumped and defensible?

Contest competition

49
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Which primate species is well known for forming coalitions during intergroup conflicts?

Chimpanzees

50
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Which of the following best exemplifies mutualism in primates?

Two individuals grooming each other simultaneously