ATI TEAS 7 Science Study Guide: Key Concepts and Test Strategies

Valid

Measures what it is supposed to measure

Scientific Method

1. Observation 2. Question 3. Hypothesis (testable prediction) 4. Experiment 5. Data collection 6. Conclusion

Independent variable

What is changed

Dependent variable

What is measured

Controlled variables

Kept constant

Control group

Baseline (no treatment)

Experimental group

Receives treatment

Correlation

Does not equal causation

Data Interpretation

You must interpret tables, line graphs, bar graphs, experimental results

Reliable

Consistent results

Element

One type of atom

Compound

Two or more elements chemically bonded

Mixture

Substances physically combined

Physical Change

No new substance (melting, boiling)

Chemical Change

New substance formed (rusting, burning)

Solute

Substance being dissolved

Solvent

Substance doing the dissolving

Concentration

Amount of solute in solvent

Dilution

Lowering concentration

Acid

pH < 7

Base

pH > 7

Neutral

pH = 7

Buffers

Resist pH changes (important in blood)

Nucleus

DNA, control center

Mitochondria

ATP (energy)

Ribosomes

Protein synthesis

Cell membrane

Selectively permeable

Cytoplasm

Site of chemical reactions

Diffusion

Movement from high → low concentration

Osmosis

Diffusion of water

Active transport

Requires energy (ATP)

Homeostasis

Maintaining internal balance (temperature, pH, fluids)

Negative feedback

Restores balance (most common)

Positive feedback

Amplifies response (rare)

DNA

Genetic material

Gene

Segment of DNA

Dominant traits

Traits that are expressed

Recessive traits

Traits that are masked

Small intestine

Nutrient absorption

Innate immunity

Immediate, non-specific defense

Adaptive immunity

Specific, memory-based defense

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