9. Salvation, Atonement and Sin

Lesson on 18/11/25

Why was Jesus incarnated

To spread the message of agape love and fix the relationship between humans and God.

What is atonement

When Jesus fixed the relationship between God and humans by dying on a cross.

What happens now because of atonement

Atonement means now we can achieve salvation: live for eternity with God in heaven. Christians no longer must pay the price for sins, Jesus made the ultimate sacrifice on our and God’s behalf.

What did Jesus establish at the Last Supper

At the Last Supper, Jesus established the new covenant (promise made by God to humans) based on the forgiveness of sins as he atoned for all.

What was necessary for atoning in Jewish tradition

Animal sacrifice was necessary for atoning. Often a lamb would be sacrificed.

How does this relate to the crucifixion

At the crucifixion, Jesus is the last ‘sacrificial lamb’ as his death atones and removes the sin of humanity.

What did Jesus fulfil from the Old Testament by dying on the cross

Jesus was the fulfilment of a prophecy in the Old Testament and suffered for the sins of others. Isaiah is from the Old Testament and talks of a man like Jesus who goes through the crucifixion.

What are the different means (ways) of achieving salvation

• Law: Following the teachings of Jesus and the Bible (e.g. the 10 commandments) to live a good life. The Bible says ‘Love thy neighbour’.

• Grace: through faith in Christ, not your actions.

• Spirit: the Holy Spirit guides Christians (link to Pentecost).

What are the two main Christian beliefs of achieving salvation

• Roman Catholic belief: taking part in the sacraments mean they can achieve salvation and go to heaven. E.g. baptism.

• Protestant belief: faith in Jesus is of utmost importance to reach salvation. You need faith and to repent.

How do some Christians believe that you get original sin

Some Christians believe that original sin is something you are born with (Augustine -concupiscence (another word for original sin)).

Original sin is passed down from your father: seminally present. We all have it; it makes us go against God’s laws.

What are the issues with original sin

1. Portrays an image of unfair God punishing all humanity for one incident

2. Some Christians interpret the Bible non-literally (Fall never happened – symbol)

3. Biologically how can this sin be passed on from one generation to another?