Business 212: Business Statistics Ch 2. Introduction to Categorical Data

Data

information that is collected for analysis

Categorical Data

data that is collected in groups or topics, the number of events in each group is counted numerically

quantitative data

concerned with quantities and includes any data collected in number form

One trick to finding out if information is categorical or quantitative is to analyze the answer to the question. Which of the following is TRUE:

1. If the answer to the question is a characteristic, then the information is quantitative. If the answer to the question is a number, preference, etc., then the information is categorical.

2. If the answer to the question is numerical, then the information is quantitative. If the answer to the question is a characteristic, preference, etc., then the information is categorical.

3. If the answer to the question is numerical, then the information is categorical. If the answer to the question is a characteristic, preference, etc., then the information is quantitative.

4. If the answer to the question is an interest, then the information is quantitative. If the answer to the question is a characteristic, preference, etc., then the information is categorical.

If the answer to the question is numerical, then the information is quantitative. If the answer to the question is a characteristic, preference, etc., then the information is categorical.

David wants to collect information about his friends and how many siblings they each have. David has eight friends. How should he collect this data? Why?

1. Quantitatively: This information cannot be grouped into any categories.

2. Categorically: David will need to group the number of siblings because there is too much data to collect individually.

3. Categorically: Siblings are a category of information and so the data cannot be collected quantitatively.

4. Quantitatively: Since David isn't dealing with a large amount of information, he can simply ask each friend and analyze the data quantitatively.

Quantitatively: Since David isn't dealing with a large amount of information, he can simply ask each friend and analyze the data quantitatively.

What is data that is collected in groups or topics, where the number of events in each group is counted numerically?

1. Categorical data

2. Numerical data

3. Quantitative data

4. Stratified sampling

5. Cluster sampling

Categorical data

Samantha is gathering information about how many calories the athletes on her team consume during game week. Which answer correctly indicates how the data should be analyzed for both categorical and quantitative research?

1. The data is neither categorical nor quantifiable; it is qualitative data.

2. The information collected can not be categorized. Samantha is limited to analyzing the data quantitatively.

3. The information collected can not be quantified. Samantha is limited to analyzing the data categorically.

4. Quantitative Data: 1,000-1,200 cal; 1,201-1,400 cal; 1,401-1,600 cal, etc.

5. Categorical Data: All individual caloric consumption amounts are collected.

6. Categorical Data: 1,000-1,200 cal; 1,201-1,400 cal; 1,401-1,600 cal, etc.

7. Quantitative Data: All individual caloric consumption amounts are collected.

Categorical Data: 1,000-1,200 cal; 1,201-1,400 cal; 1,401-1,600 cal, etc.

Quantitative Data: All individual caloric consumption amounts are collected.

Katie is collecting data about the number of people that are interested in different dance styles. After passing out a survey, she has gathered the following information:

• Style / Number of people interested in this style

• Ballet / 20

• Jazz /12

• Hip Hop / 8

• Lyrical / 26

• Tap / 10

What type of data did Katie collect?

Categorical

Categorial data

data that can be categorized or grouped

You just took a survey asking people about their favorite class in school. After getting all the answers, you found that 10 people love English, 2 people love math, 3 people love history, and 12 love science. Please put this information in table form.

Class	Result
English	10
Math	2
History	3
Science	12

You just took a survey asking people about their favorite class in school. After getting all the answers, you found that 10 people love English, 2 people love math, 3 people love history, and 12 love science. What is the percentage of people that love English?

1. 25%

2. 42%

3. 50%

4. 30%

5. 37%

37%

You just took a survey asking people about their favorite class in school. After getting all the answers, you found that 10 people love English, 2 people love math, 3 people love history, and 12 love science. Order these subjects from most liked to least.

1. English, Science, Math, History

2. Science, English, History, Math

3. History, Math, English, Science

4. Math, History, Science, English

5. Math, History, English, Science

Science, English, History, Math

Which of the following is an example of a piece of categorical data?

1. Ethnicity

2. Weight

3. Speed

4. Distance

5. Height

Ethnicity

You just took a survey asking people about their favorite class in school. After getting all the answers, you found that 10 people love English, 2 people love math, 3 people love history, and 12 love science. What are the percentages for each class?

English	37%
Math	7%
History	11%
Science	45%

Line Graphs

the graphs that have a single line connecting the data points

Bar Graphs

the graphs that use bars to represent the data

Ten students participated in a chemistry test and their scores are depicted on the bar chart below.

How many students received a 100 percent score on the test?

1. 1

2. 3

3. 4

4. 2

3

Tom is the owner of an ice cream cart and has graphed his sales for the past week based on the outside temperature. Identify the temperature where Tom will make a sales of more than $300.

1. 55

2. 75

3. 60

4. 65

75

KY Company sells pencils. The graph below shows the company's monthly profits during 2015. Which two months were profits the lowest?

1. February and September

2. May and July

3. March and June

4. July and December

March and June

The bar chart shows the time taken for seven students to cover 75 meters.

_____ was the fastest and _____ was the slowest.

1. Fanny; Sarah

2. Hilary; Megane

3. Sarah; Fanny

4. Fanny; Saanya

Sarah; Fanny

What is the distinguishing mark of a line graph?

1. Pie slices being shaded by lines.

2. Bars joined by a line.

3. Tick marks on the dots.

4. A line connecting dots.

A line connecting dots.

line graphs

a graphical display of information that changes continuously over time

Which day was the coldest?

1. Friday

2. Monday

3. Saturday

4. Thursday

Monday

Which day was the warmest?

1. Tuesday

2. Sunday

3. Wednesday

4. Friday

Friday

What was the temperature on Wednesday?

1. 25 degrees

2. 40 degrees

3. 55 degrees

4. 35 degrees

40 degrees

When was the biggest change in temperature?

1. Saturday

2. Friday

3. Thursday

4. Tuesday

Saturday

Bar Graph

a chart that uses bars to show comparisons between categories of data

Vertical Bar Graph

compare between two or more independent variable

Horizontal Bar Graph

data has negative and positive values, but is still a comparison between two or more fixed independent variables

Range Bar Graph

represents a range of data for each independent variable

Histogram

each bar represents a range of dependent variables instead of just one data point

Grouped Bar Graph

two independent variables grouped under one location heading

Composite Bar Graph

represent data with two independent variables, the data is stacked instead of side-by-side

Complex Bar Graphs

compare data with two independent variables

What is one difference between a histogram and a bar graph?

1. The histogram bar represents a range of dependent variables instead of just one point.

2. Histograms are horizontal and bar graphs are vertical.

3. The histogram is vertical and the bar graph is horizontal.

4. Histograms deal with one variable.

The histogram bar represents a range of dependent variables instead of just one point.

What type of bar graph is shown below?

1. Grouped Bar Graph

2. Horizontal Bar Graph

3. Histogram

4. Composite Bar Graph

Grouped Bar Graph

What type of data is best suited for a range bar graph?

1. percentages

2. census data

3. sales numbers

4. temperature ranges or price ranges

temperature ranges or price ranges

What type of data is best suited to a composite bar graph?

1. temperature ranges or price ranges

2. sales data from multiple locations

3. percentages

4. data that includes negative values

sales data from multiple locations

After labeling the horizontal and vertical axes for my bar chart, what is the next step in creating a bar chart?

1. Color the bars pretty colors

2. Gather data

3. Evenly distribute the numerical values along the appropriate axis.

4. Draw the bars the correct length.

Evenly distribute the numerical values along the appropriate axis.

Which answer best describes a graph?

1. None of these answers are correct.

2. A graph is normally used to display comparisons.

3. A graph is usually a line type chart.

4. Graphs and charts are the same thing.

5. A graph is normally used to display trends over time.

A graph is normally used to display trends over time.

Which answer best describes a chart?

1. A chart is most commonly used to display trends.

2. A chart is usually displayed in columns.

3. None of these answers are correct.

4. A chart is most commonly used to display comparisons.

5. A chart is usually displayed using lines.

A chart is most commonly used to display comparisons.

Under which ribbon menu or tab will you find the chart type commands?

1. None of these answers are correct.

2. Data

3. File

4. Insert

5. Charts and Graphs

Insert

There are several different types of charts in Excel. Which two are the most frequently used?

1. Bar and pie

2. Chart and graph

3. Line and graph

4. Column and bar

5. Pie and line

Column and bar

What is the first step in creating a chart?

1. Select the data for the chart

2. Select the Chart Style

3. Select the Chart type

4. None of these answers are correct.

5. Click on the Insert tab

Select the data for the chart

graph/data

a visual presentation of data

column chart

has vertical columns

bar chart

has horizontal bars

line graphs

show your data as a line

pie charts

charts that look like pies

doughnut charts

similar to pie charts except they have a hole in the middle

Sam wants to show how much of his sales come from families and college students when compared to all his sales. Which of the following charts/graphs should he use?

1. Bar chart

2. Pie chart

3. Column chart

4. Line graph

Pie chart

In this graph, which material is the cheapest?

1. Buttons

2. Fake fur

3. Stuffing

4. Thread

Thread

Which of the following should a business use when it wants to compare several products with each other?

1. Doughnut chart

2. Line graph

3. Pie chart

4. Column chart

Column chart

A line graph is best used for which of the following data?

1. Market shares

2. Parts of a whole

3. Percentages

4. Sales over time

Sales over time

A company wants to show how fast its cars can accelerate when compared with the competition. Which chart should it use to convey this information?

1. Bar chart

2. Doughnut chart

3. Pie chart

4. Line graph

Bar chart