equilibria

what is le Chatelier’s principle?

when an external change is made to a system in equilibrium, the system responds to minimise the effect

what is the equation linking K_p and K_c

K_p = K_c (RT)^∆n

show how PV = nRT goes to K_p = K_c (RT)^∆n

how does ∆G vary with extent of reaction?

show graph

why is activity dimensionless?

it is measured relative to a standard

how to find activity of a gas?

partial pressure / p^⦵ (1 bar or 10⁵ Pa)

how to find activity of solution?

[A] / [A]^⦵ = [A] / 1 mol dm^-3

how does this equation show that K is constant with pressure but not with temperature?

∆G^⦵ is defined as being at 1 bar so is constant

∆G^⦵ changes with temperature so K does as well

how to convert to van ‘t Hoff from ∆G?

for the van ‘t Hoff equation, what is the graph? what is the gradient and intercept?