General Chemistry 1 - Week 2

Atom

s the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element.

Isotopes

are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons and electrons.

Ions

any atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges. When a neutral atom gains or loses one or more electrons.

Cation

Positively charged ions

Anion

negatively charged ions.

Molecule

is a particle made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together.

Monatomic/ monoatomic

a single atom.

Diatomic

combination of two same atoms.

Polyatomic

combination of the two or more atoms.

Compound

is a combination of two or more elements.

Covalent compound

results when non metals share electrons.

Ionic compound

results from an attraction between a cation (metal) and an anion (nonmetal).

Chemical Formula

s a notation that uses atomic symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of atoms of different elements in the substance

Orbit

s the outermost regions of the atom
which are also called electron shells because they contain the electrons (negatively charged).

Nucleus

s the center of the atom that contains the protons (positively charged) and the neutrons (no charge).

Atomic number

represents the element's number of protons in its nucleus.

Atomic mass

indicates the total number of protons and neutrons.

Molecular Formula

Chemical formulas that indicate the actual numbers of atoms in a molecule.

Empirical Formula

Chemical formulas that give only the relative number of atoms of each type in a molecule.

Structural Formula

hows the location of the atoms relative to one another in a molecule and the number of chemical bonds between the atoms.