Chemistry - Chapter 10 Flashcards

Endothermic

Gaining energy/heat

Exothermic

Losing energy/heat

Gas to liquid

Condensation (exothermic)

Liquid to solid

Freezing (exothermic)

Solid to gas

Sublimation (endothermic)

Gas to solid

Deposition (exothermic)

Solid to liquid

Melting (endothermic)

Liquid to gas

Vaporization (endothermic)

What causes London dispersion forces?

Temporary dipoles caused by moving electron cloud

What does the magnitude of any IMF depend on?

Increases with increasing molar mass

What causes dipole-dipole forces?

Permanent dipole from the difference in electronegativity within the molecule

Which atoms can engage in hydrogen bonding?

Nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine

What is one effect of more lone pairs for hydrogen bonding?

The bond is stronger

When does ion-dipole force occur?

When an ionic and a polar molecule mix

What makes ion-dipole force stronger?

Higher charge difference and smaller size

When does electronegativity determine the polarity of a molecule?

If there is only one bond (two atoms)

What is viscosity?

Measure of resistance to flow

What is surface tension?

Amount of energy needed to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit area (how much the liquid resists spreading out)

What is vapor pressure?

Pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with solid/liquid at some temperature in a closed system

What is molar heat of vaporization?

Amount of heat needed to vaporize one mole of a substance at its boiling point

What is the boiling point?

Temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure of gas above it

What makes boiling point normal?

The pressure is 1 atm

What happens to temperature during a phase change?

It stays constant because the energy is being used to break the IMFs

How is surface tension related to intermolecular force strength?

Directly

How is viscosity related to intermolecular force strength?

Directly

How is rate of vaporization related to intermolecular force strength?

Inversely

How is vapor pressure related to intermolecular force strength?

Inversely

How is heat of vaporization related to intermolecular force strength?

Directly

How is boiling point related to intermolecular force strength?

Directly

How is melting point related to intermolecular force strength?

Directly

How is temperature related to vapor pressure?

Directly

What is heat of condensation?

The amount of heat released when one mole of gas condenses to liquid

What is molar heat of fusion?

Energy required to melt 1 mol of a solid

What is molar enthalpy of sublimation?

Energy required to sublime 1 mole of a solid to gas

Volatile

Easily evaporated (weaker IMFs)