Drugs and FSAD

leading cause of intellectual disability in the Western world

• entirely _____

FASD

• preventable!

children with prenatal drug/alcohol exposure (PDAE) are a very ______ group

heterogenous

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) involves _____ to an ____ baby due to the mother’s alcohol consumption during pregnancy

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) involves DAMAGE to an UNBORN baby due to the mother’s alcohol consumption during pregnancy

T/F Children with Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) experience similar problems to those of a child with FASD, but to a greater degree

FALSE - experience problems to a LESSER degree than children with FASD

studies link an average of _-_ drinks a day during pregnancy to:

• low birth weight

• growth abnormalities

• behavioral problems in newborns

studies link an average of 1 - 2 drinks a day during pregnancy to:

low birth weight

growth abnormalities

behavioral problems in newborns

trimester ____ period of brain growth, organ and limb formation

1

embryo most susceptible to alc from weeks ___-____ after conception

2-8

if a women drinks during the first _____ after conception, there can be ____ effects

drinking during first week= negative effects

***its fucked up so we should know it

children born with FASD often face “double jeopardy

• damage done ____ birth (FASD) & after birth as drunk or high parents may ___ or ___ their child

damage done before birth (FASD) after ch is born, drunk (or high) parents may abuse or ignore ch

characterisitcs of FASD

• small head—______

• pre and post-natal ___problems; low birth weight and length

• ____ nervous system dysfunction

  • delayed ____development, mild-profound ____, learning disabilities

• microcephaly

• pre and post-natal growth problems; low birth weight and length

• CNS dysfunction

  • delayed motor development, mild-profound ID, learning disabilities

abnormal _____ features (skull and face); ____ eyes, strabismus (eyes not in same ___), nystagmus (eyes ____) 

malformations of major ___ systems, especially the ___

behavior problems: _____

abnormal craniofacial features (skull and face); small eyes, strabismus (eyes not in same direction), nystagmus (eyes bobbling) 

malformations of major organ systems, especially the heart 

defiance

• learning problems, esp. reading and writing

• speech problems- speech sound disorder, oral motor coordination difficulties 

• poor play, social skills 

• yk yk

• learning problems, esp. reading and writing

• speech problems- speech sound disorder, oral motor coordination difficulties 

• poor play, social skills 

more FASD characteristics:

• cognitive problems—> decreased ___ and ____

• ____delays

• hearing issues—____(middle ear fluid) and/or sensorineural hearing loss 

• auditory ____ problems 

• ____disturbances 

• eyes ____set apart

• cognitive problems—> decreased memory and reasoning

• lang delays

• hearing issues—OME (middle ear fluid) and/or sensorineural hearing loss 

• auditory processing problems 

• sleep disturbances 

• eyes wide set apart

•Examined social classroom skills of typically developing (TD) and students with  Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

•12 pairs of children observed in  classrooms 20 minutes a day for 4 days across 2 weeks

Olswang, Svensson, & Astley. Observation of classroom social communication of FASD children…Journal of Speech, Language, & Hearing Research, 53, 1687-1703.**

Olswang et. al found that:

• ch w/ FASD not as _____ as TD peers

• ch w/ FASD— increased occurrences of passive/______and irrelevant behavior than TD peers

• ch w/ FASD not as prosocial as TD peers

• ch w/ FASD— increased occurrences of passive/disengaged and irrelevant behavior than TD peers

what do we need to do with FASD kids in classrooms

• help increase engagement and social participation in classroom 

• increase teacher awareness 

•The National Institute on Drug Abuse estimates that ____% of women use some addictive substance during pregnancy

•The most common substances are ___, alcohol, and ____, followed by ___and ___.

•The National Institute on Drug Abuse estimates that 5.5% of women use some addictive substance during pregnancy

•The most common substances are tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana, followed by cocaine and opioids.

•Each year, an estimated ___,000–440,000 infants (_–_%) of all births) are affected by prenatal ___or illicit ___exposure

•Each year, an estimated 400,000–440,000 infants (10–11% of all births) are affected by prenatal alcohol or illicit drug exposure

problems in pregnancy:

• moms who use cocaine- causes moms blood vessels to ____, decrease flow of oxygen and other ___to baby

• baby is “dealt a small deck”

• moms who use cocaine- causes moms blood vessels to constrict, decrease flow of oxygen and other nutrients to baby

• baby is “dealt a small deck”

• cocaine alters action of _____

  • negatively affects ___

• may have _____ problems such as ___ palate

• cocaine alters action of neurotransmitters

  • negatively affects behavior

• may have congenital problems such as cleft palate

Children and Family Futures, 2025

Infants with prenatal exposure to opioids may experience ____ ____ _____, a treatable pattern of effects that are associated with opioid withdrawal in newborns

•They have a great deal of difficulty ____

neonatal abstinence syndrome

• feeding

neuroscience news 2025:

delays are linked to acetaminophen use during pregnancy

• increased acetaminophen use, esp. during 3rd tri, associated with smaller vocab and shorter utterances in 2 year olds (ik ik she’s def gonna put this tho so just read)

delays are linked to acetaminophen use during pregnancy

• increased acetaminophen use, esp. during 3rd tri, associated with smaller vocab and shorter utterances in 2 year olds

___ americans die everyday from overdoses

91

• # of ch with NAS greatly ___

• problems: literacy, math 

• significantly more likely to be referred for ___ __

• may look ____

• # of ch with NAS greatly increased 

• problems: literacy, math 

• significantly more likely to be referred for special ed 

• may look ADHD

behavior/characteristics of drug-exposed kids

•↓ spontaneous ____ from infancy

•Lack of _____ gestures and words to communicate needs

•Poor ____ tracking

•Gross and fine motor problems

•↓ awareness of body in ___

•↓ spontaneous vocalizations from infancy

•Lack of appropriate gestures and words to communicate needs

•Poor visual tracking

•Gross and fine motor problems

•↓ awareness of body in space

• emotional __la___—what is this?

• great difficulty with ____change

• testing ____ and refusing to comply 

• tantrums, hitting, throwing things

• ____ problems, esp. disorganized sentences

• word ____problems 

• emotional lability—mood swings from apathy to aggressiveness

• great difficulty with transitions change

• testing limits and refusing to comply 

• tantrums, hitting, throwing things

• syntactic problems, esp. disorganized sentences

• word retrieval problems 

•Indiscriminate attachment to ___people

•Decreased ___to praise, rewards

•Decreased use of ___ and ____to initiate social interactions; poor eye contact

•Articulatory-_____disorders

•***Language difficulties that are not easily determined by standardized measures***

•Indiscriminate attachment to new people

•Decreased responsiveness to praise, rewards

•Decreased use of gestures and words to initiate social interactions; poor eye contact

•Articulatory-phonological disorders

•***Language difficulties that are not easily determined by standardized measures***

True/False: it’s best to use formal standardized tests for NAS kids

false—>informally evaluate in everyday settings

• ch may not qualify for therapy in public schools

suggestions for intervention:

•Studies: parents of cocaine-exposed children ↑ insecurity, disorganization, avoidance of attachment

•Look at environment, work w/ parents

tbh just read

•Conventional ____(please, thank you, excuse me)

•___-taking skills

•Appropriate expression of ____(using words)--ch may act out physically

•Conventional politeness (please, thank you, excuse me)

•Turn-taking skills

•Appropriate expression of feelings (using words)--ch may act out physically

• keep structured, and not ______

• Ch benefit from routine, structure

  • Announce transitions in advance—no surprises

  • Limit distractions, outer stimuli

• keep structured, and not __overstimulating____

• Ch benefit from routine, structure

  • Announce transitions in advance—no surprises

  • Limit distractions, outer stimuli

Lewis et al. Language outcomes at 12 years for children exposed prenatally to cocaine. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 10/13.**

•Children prenatally exposed to cocaine-- difficulties with ___and ___processing (PP)

•PP deficits negatively impacted reading fluency, comprehension, and letter-word identification

difficulties with __SYNTAX_and __phonolgical_processing (PP)

T/F Hammer (ASHA)—important to work on phonological awareness (PA)

•Foundation of PA: rhyming

•Having ch repeat words out loud creates a phonological representation