Test 2 quiz questions

You discover a new member of the Archaea that uses hydrogen gas as its energy source and carbon dioxide as its carbon source. This organism is a:

Chemolithoautotroph

Which of the following statements is true?

 

All autotrophs are phototrophs

Cyanobacteria are the only bacterial phototrophs

Many phototrophic organisms eat organic carbon

All of the options

None of the options

Many phototrophic organisms eat organic carbon

The primary currency of energy used by all organisms to perform cellular work is:

ATP

An organism that uses inorganic chemicals for energy and carbon dioxide as its carbon source is called a:

Chemolithoautotroph

The bacterium Desulfotomaculum uses the organic carbon chemical compound benzene (a component of gasoline) as its source of energy and carbon. The organism is a:

Chemoorganoheterotroph

The primary endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium gave rise to the chloroplasts of which modern-day organisms?
Plants 

Red algae

 Glaucophytes

All of the options

None of the options

all of the options

Eukaryotes are more closely related to: Bacteria or Archaea

Archaea

Which prokaryotic trait was lost early during the evolution of the eukaryotic cell?

The cell wall

Which of the following events were important during the origin of the modern eukaryotic cell?
The origin of a nuclear envelope

The endosymbiotic acquisition of the mitochondrion

The innovation of digestive vacuoles

All of the options

None of the options

All of the options

True or False: Prokaryotes have a simple cytoskeleton, but the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells is much more complex.

True

Several lineages of bacteria and archaea live at extremely high temperatures. Such organisms are called: 

Thermophiles

Several Firmicute bacteria, including the bacteria that cause anthrax and botulism, are capable of producing a heat and chemical resistant resting structure called a:

Endospore

Which of the following is evidence for the Endosymbiont Theory?

Asgard Archaea

Archaea are:

Paraphyletic

How were Bacteria and Archaea first differentiated from each other?

By differences in their ribosomal RNA sequences

Which of the statements about prokaryotes are correct?

They include Bacteria and Archaea

Several important adaptations evolved in the common ancestor of land plants to allow the successful colonization of land. Which change is not one of those?

Evolution of water-impermeable cuticle

Evolution of carbohydrate-storage molecule

Evolution of gametangia

Evolution of a mechanism for structural support

A mutualistic association with a fungus that promotes nutrient uptake

Evolution of carbohydrate-storage molecule

Although Earth is estimated to be 4–5 billion years old, and although life first appeared a little less than 4 billion years ago, land plants did not appear until about _______ years ago.

400-500 million

Nonvascular land plants have never evolved to the size of vascular plants, most likely because they lack

an efficient system for conducting water and minerals

If you find a green, leafy, nonvascular plant with stomata growing on your neighbor’s damp front lawn, you can assume that it is a

moss

All land plants produce ____________ by mitosis and _______________ by meiosis.

gametes; spores

Throughout the evolution of the land plants, the sporophyta generation has become __________________ and more independent of the gametophyta, and the gametophyta generation has become _____________ and more dependent on the sporophyta.

larger, smaller

Nonvascular land plants have never evolved to the size of vascular plants, most likely because they lack

an efficient system for conducting water and minerals

Mosses are dependent on water for reproduction because

sperm must swim through water to reach and fertilize eggs

The Setaphyta hypothesis is a recent, well-supported hypothesis that liverworts and mosses are a clade. What does this hypothesis imply about stomata?

Stomata were most likely lost in the common ancestor of modern liverworts.

One difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms is that gymnosperms 

do not form flowers.

One reason for the enormous evolutionary success of seed plants is their possession of

seeds with food reserves for the young sporophyte. AND seeds with a resting stage that can remain viable for many years, germinating with conditions are favorable for growth of the sporophyte

Which group contains the palm-like plants of the tropics and was the earliest-diverging clade of gymnosperms?

Cycads

Which group is characterized by fruits, flowers, endosperms, and highly reduced gametophytes?

Angiosperms

The red algal polysaccharide agar (and its main component, agarose) is used as a gelling agent in:

Certain processed foods 

toothpaste

microbial plates

The _________________ are the earliest branching modern land plant lineage.

liverworts

Coniferous gymnosperms such as pines depend primarily on _______ for pollination; thus, the plants produce large quantities of pollen that disperse over large areas during the spring.

wind

You discover a plant whose flowers smell like rotting meat. You suspect it is pollinated by:

Carrion beetles

Fungi play a a key role in:

Decomposition of dead organisms

The worldwide decline of amphibian species

Mutualistic association with plants

Fungi are:

opisthokonts

Synapomorphies of the fungi include:

Absorptive heterotrophy

The tubular filaments used by fungi to absorb nutrients are called:

Hyphae